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Chapter One: Introduction

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1.1 Research Background

REAP is a charity organisation that operates to provide asylum seekers with job opportunities and looking after physical health of the asylum seekers. It is based in West London. The prevalence of Covid 19 has been causing a major issue for the charity institutions such as REAP. The institutions have not been able to procure proper funding from the business organisations as they have faced financial loss due to the Covid 19 for supporting asylum seeker operated businesses. This has cascaded into REAP’s initiatives of providing economic assistance to the refugees influx from Middle East and has made it difficult for the charity instituion to conduct their business support programmes for the refugees who are looking forward to work on their new startup. It is observed that more than 60% of the charity firms have shut down their operations as they were crippled for investment during Covid 19 (Cafonline, 2023). However, in an attempt to address such issues, the entities have been focusing on the implementation of the business recovery strategy. It is because the business recovery strategy helps in identifying the bottleneck within the financial asset sourcing from the firms and provides feasible solutions for assuring debt repayments. In the works of, it is evaluated that the business recovery strategy plays a key role in eradicating the financial challenges of the firm. Therefore, the business recovery strategy

1.2 Rationale of the Research

The research available on the adoption of business recovery strategy by charity organisation are numerous, however, the findings of the research are illustrated through complex statistical interpretation. This makes it difficult for the organisations to understand and implement the recovery business strategy. The rationale of the research serves to bridge such knowlegde gap and provide analytic perspective of diverse business recovery strategies that are comprehendible to the charity organisations such as REAP.

1.3 Research questions

The research questions are:

• What challenges has the Covid 19 issue caused to business managed by REAP?
• What are the recovery strategies adopted by the REAP to assist refugee run businesses during Covid 19?
• Which elements contribute to the efficiency of company recovery strategy run by REAP?

1.4 Research Objectives and Aims

The aim is to evaluate the business recovery plans implemented by Refugees in Effective and Active Partnerships (REAP) in response to the Covid-19 problem, with a focus on the challenges faced by refugee business owners.

The research objectives are:

• To evaluate the Covid 19 issues effects on REAP and to pinpoint the unique difficulties that they faced
• To investigate the strategies used by REAP to assist and resurrect refugee run businesses that have been adversely affected by the pandemic
• To examine the elements that go toward the efficiency and accomplishment of the company recovery initiatives run by REAP

1.5 Research Significance

REAP is facing with the financial challenges of running the charity activities. The outcomes of the study has provided with the knowledge of different types of business recovery strategies and how it is implemented to tackle financial issues in charity organisations during the Covid 19 pandemic. This is one of the major significance of this research. Furthermore, the inferences drawn from this research can be used as pre-requisite data for extensive empirical study and to understand the relation between business recovery strategy and improvement of business finances.

Chapter Two: Literature Review

If you're struggling to interpret complex academic sources or structure your review effectively, seeking Literature Review Help can significantly enhance your research quality. Expert guidance ensures your literature review captures key arguments, synthesizes sources properly, and aligns with your study’s objectives—just like in evaluating REAP’s recovery strategies.

2.1 Introduction

This section has provided an illustration of the diverse perceptions and views that has resulted from the findings of the peer reviewed journals. The supporting and argumentative statements about the effect of charity organizations in supporting the business recovery strategy for the refugee run businesses have been provided in the following section.

2.2 Assessment of the issues and challenges on charity institutions due to Covid 19 in UK

According to Waniak-Michalak et al., (2022), one of the major issues that has been faced by the charity institution due to Covid 19 is the lack of funding. The findings also indicate that the lack of profits of the business firm is one of the major reasons behind the issue as the for-profit organization’s dearth in financial asset is cutting of their interest to provide funds to charity organisations. Institution such as REAP has fallen victim to such adversity as well. In the findings of Plaisance (2022), it is supported that the charity organizations in UK have decreased their small business support programs and cited the lack of funding from the private sector as the responsible entity. On the contrary, Maher and Czarczy?ska (2022) have argued that the absence of financial influx from the public sector has posed as one of causes behind the financial issue for the charity organisations. Therefore, it is analysed that the decreased financial contribution from public and private sector has caused the emergence of financial issue at business managed by charity firms during Covid 19.

However, Othman et al. (2012) have opposed that the operational challenges have been more problematic for the charity organisations when it comes to running their refugee welfare events. The findings of the paper indicate that the lack of hiring training experts to support the growth of asylum seeker run businesses is one of the major operational issues. Similar perception has also been incurred by authors as their results have also witnessed a positive relation between the variables of operational challenges and reduced initiatives of charity organisations such as REAP. Therefore, it is assessed that the operational challenges of providing professional training to refugees has been a serious concern for charity institutions in terms of managing asylum seeker businesses.

2.3 Examination of the business recovery strategies at REAP for assisting refugee run businesses during Covid 19

As suggested by Kumar et al. (2021), the emergence of business recovery strategy is assisting the financial growth of firm significantly after Covid 19. It is because refugee run businesses supported by charity organization like REAP has mainly lost financial capital due to their liability in understanding high risk portfolio investments and such issues significantly eradicated by the use of business recovery strategy as it conducts proper revision of business strategy through risk aggregation matrix. Polinkevych et al. (2021) have supported that the risk analysis is one of the major forms of recovery strategy that has assisted in the elevation of firm’s financial performance. Therefore, the use of risk matrix analysis of REAP within the business recovery strategy might have a positive impact for supporting the refugee run businesses.

According to the Prasad and Noida (2023) the utilization of entrepreurial talent acquisition has also posed as an effective business recovery strategy for elevating the performance for businesses. The reason behind such occurrence is attributed to the fact that the firms operated by asylum seekers often fail to cope with external market changes as they lack entrepreneurs that can take challenging business decisions and charity firms like REAP can inform asylum business owners about the importance of entrepreurial talent acquisition to mitigate this issue. Lau (2021) have supported that the charity organisations have been educating the importance of entrepreneurial mindset to the asylum seekers for the expansion of businesses by holding workshop seminars. Therefore, it observed that the charity organisations like REAP might influence a positive impact on the poorly performing businesses of asylum seekers through the arrangement of workshops on entrepreneur talent acquisition as the business recovery strategy.

2.4 Proficiency of retrenchment and turnaround strategy in aiding the growth of refugee run businesses

A critical study conducted by Schmitt and Raisch (2013), proposes that the retrenchment recovery strategy is defined as the initiatives that are taken to reduce operational cost. The prevalence of such recovery strategy has been particularly beneficial for the small-scale businesses. It is because the refugee run businesses, which witnessed severe fall in annual profit, requires the understanding of the operational expenses that needs to be cut off in an attempt to address the financial profit and such requirement is met by the retrenchment recovery strategy through its expenditure optimization feature. Most of the charity establishments have resorted to the adoption of retrenchment strategy when it comes to advising the refugee run businesses. Schoenberg et al. (2013) have supported that the retrenchment strategy has provides the platform for cutting down on cost overruns and improving the business performance during Covid 19. On the other hand, Lim et al. (2013) have argued that the retrenchment strategy is also effective in reducing unnecessary workforce capital as compared to cost optimization. Therefore, it is analysed that the retrenchment recovery strategy has a positive impact in driving the refugee run business by assisting in workforce and cost optimization during Covid 19.

However, Robbins and Pearce (2016) have proposed that the turnaround recovery strategies is an effective business recovery strategy for the business that have been adversely impacted during the Covid 19. The findings of the authors entail that the turnaround recovery strategy’s capacity of introducing new products and pricing models is one of the major reasons for its increased adoption amongst the refugee operated businesses. has suggested that the turnaround recovery strategy is easy to implement and requires reduced expertise, which makes it favourable for small business owners. Since most of the refugee operated businesses are small scale, therefore, it is mostly preferred by the asylum seekers. Therefore, the

2.5 Approaches of charity institutions (REAP) to improve the efficiency of company recovery strategy

According to Pinzaru et al. (2020), the improvistion of recovery strategy has emerged as one of the critical aspects for surving the competitive market in Covid 19. One of the major operation challenges faced by charity organisations like REAP while deploying recovery strategy is organising their initiatives of training the employees of refugee run businesses. It is because the support programmes requires skills training and conducting workshop that necessiates congegration of asylum seekers, which cannot be established, due to the strict social distancing rules that is imposed by Covid 19. Hence, the alternative of conducting workshop through e-learning platforms is being adopted by several charity firms and has been one of the major elemental improvents for enhancing the efficiency of recovery strategy. Hashem et al. (2022) have supported that the aspect of workforce training needs to be evolved continuosly to drive a succesful integration of business strategy. Therefore, the development of workforce training has positive impact in inreasing efficiency of strategy.

2.6 Conclusion

From the above section, it is concluded that the financial and the operational problems have posed as a major issue for charity firms in addressing the businesses that are operated by refugees. However, one of the major limitations of the literature review is that the elements of improvement in business recovery strategy has not been thoroughly evaluated with the help of scholarly evidences.

Chapter Three: Methodology

3.1 Research Approach

The research approach is a procedure and plan that includes the steps of assumption broadly to provide a detailed method of collecting the data, analyzing them, and then interpreting the data. Therefore, it can be said that the research approach helps to address the problems that are related to the research (Maarouf, 2019). There are three types of research approaches and they are deductive, inductive, and abductive. This research paper which has been conducted on the topic of the negative impact of the covid-19 pandemic on businesses has been conducted in the inductive research approach. The reason behind choosing the inductive approach is that this research approach gives permission to the researcher to be flexible with the data and also supports the new theory related to the research approach.

3.2 Research Strategy

Research strategy is a crucial part of the research as it helps the researcher to choose the right method of data collection and it also helps the researcher to analyze the perfect procedure of research. There are mainly three kinds of research strategy and they are qualitative, quantitative, and the mixed method. In this research paper, the quantitative research strategy has been used, and the reason it is that the quantitative research strategy helps to generate reliable and factual outcomes of the data that can be generalizable for a population that is in large numbers.

3.3 Research Methodology

Research methodology defines the way in which the researcher gets an explanation that how the research should be conducted. It can be considered a systematic and logical plan for solving the problems that are related to the research (Pandey and Pandey, 2021). The research methodology provides details of the approach to the researcher so that the researcher can conduct the research successfully. The methodology that had been used in this research paper is the primary quantitative. One of the major benefits of the quantitative data is the objectivity of it. It relies on fewer variables and concrete numbers.

3.4 Research tools or techniques

The major data-gathering research tools are ratings, interviews, questionnaires, tools, and many more. Research techniques or tools are the methods that help in collecting data, interpreting, analyzing, and presenting the data in the right manner. This research paper has been conducted on the topic of the business recovery strategy of the organization REAP, which has been used as the primary quantitative method. The data have been collected by conducting the survey which the tool that has been used here. A number of questionnaires have been formed and based on it; the data has been collected. The logic behind it was to remove the biased data from the research and only include the data that are reliable. This technique of data collection has been used here as most of the employees who are the participants here as well can interpret proper findings as they witnessed the issues effectively.

3.5 Sampling

3.5.1 Identifying the research site and Population

One of the most important works that should be done while identifying the research site is to choose the targeted audience with whom the research can be conducted successfully. In this research paper, the topic was the recovery business strategy that is provided by the organization REAP and that is the reason 30 people from the team employees of REAP has been chosen and the survey was conducted with the help of the answers given by them.

3.5.2 Sampling strategy

The sampling strategy refers to the process where the samples are been collected and the term size of the sample refers to the number of samples that have been selected for conducting the research. There are five types of sampling and they are cluster, convenience, stratified, random, and systematic sampling. In this research paper, simple random sampling has been used and the reason behind it is that it provides the option to the researcher to select a set of populations (Hairullahi et al., 2021). Another benefit is that each of the members of a population has an equal chance to get selected.

3.6 Validity and reliability

Reliability defines the measurement of consistency and checks the ability of the result whether it has the ability to be reproduced under the same conditions or not. Validity provides the measurement of the result and defines how much accurate is. The resources that have been used to find the sources regarding the research paper are JSTOR and Google Scholar.

Chapter Four: Findings

1. What is your gender?

Table 1: What is your gender?

(Source: Learner)

The findings indicate that the survey has attracted approximately equal participants from the male and female employees at REAP as 50% of the males and 45% females provided their responses.

2. What is your age?

Table 2: What is your age?

(Source: Learner)

The results suggest that age bracket of 25-30 years old showed the highest participation as it has accounted for 36% of the overall responses. The presence of such participation might be due to their extensive understanding of the market dynamics effect left by Covid 19.

3. What is your highest qualification?

Table 3: What is your highest qualification?

From the graph, it is analysed that the employees with post graduate qualification has shown higher interest for the survey as it has amassed 46% of the overall responses.

4. How many years have you served at REAP?

Table 4: How many years have you served at REAP?

The results indicate that 2 years is the maximum number of years served by the employees at REAP. This high involvement of this group is attributed to their knowledge in business strategy as compared to other groups.

5. Do you think REAP has faced financial difficulties in coordinating businesses due to Covid 19?

Table 5: Do you think REAP has faced financial difficulties in coordinating businesses due to Covid 19?

Through the outcomes, it is witnessed that 80% of the respondents confirm the existence of financial issues in managing businesses by REAP. It is because REAP has not received sufficient funds from government grants and for-profit organisations, which is essential for tackling the barrier to market entry for refugee run businesses.

6. What are the economic challenges faced by REAP in managing businesses due to Covid 19?

Table 6: What are the economic challenges faced by REAP in managing businesses due to Covid 19?

The results demonstrate that lack of funding is a critical challenge for managing refugee run businesses by REAP since 46% of the respondents has opted for this option. The presence of such high responses can be related to the fact that asylum seeker operated business requires high capital seeding during market penetration and lack of funding is not able to meet such requirements.

7. Do you agree that REAP has been subjected to operational issues by Covid 19?

Table 7: Do you agree that REAP has been subjected to operational issues by Covid 19?

33% of the participants strongly affirm that REAP has faced operational issues in managing business. It is because Covid 19 has made partial work from home to be compulsory and has made it difficult to set up individual training workshop for on-site and WFH employees.

8. Do you agree that the challenges can be overcome by the use of business strategy at REAP?

Table 8: Do you agree that the challenges can be overcome by the use of business strategy at REAP?

27% of the employees strongly suggest that the challenges have been addressed by the strategies that are used by REAP. It can be driven by the fact that the refugee run businesses have been able to generate higher annual profits after the integration of business recovery strategy.

9. Do you think the retrenchment strategy has assisted REAP in overcoming problems?

Table 9: Do you think the retrenchment strategy has assisted REAP in overcoming problems?

The analysis indicate that retrenchment strategy has a positive effect on REAP’s effort to mitigate issues for asylum seeker run businesses as 80% of the employees have reflected on positive affirmations. The existence of such responses is due to the fact that high investments on customer acquisition by small businesses have been reduced and improved overall profit.

10. Do you think the turnaround strategy has benefitted REAP in addressing operational predicaments?

Table 10: Do you think the turnaround strategy has benefitted REAP in addressing operational predicaments?

From the graph, it is evident that turnaround recovery strategy has been successful for REAP in mitigating the operational issues at asylum seeker run businesses as 74% has asserted on positive opinions about its impact. The prominence of such elevated opinions is correlated to the turnaround strategy’s ability to support the launch of new products by refugee operated firms during Covid 19.

11. What are the elements that contribute to the company recovery initiatives of REAP?

Table 11: What are the elements that contribute to the company recovery initiatives of REAP?

70% of the employees have selected as the training through e-learning as the element for improving the efficiency of implementing business recovery strategy. It is because most of the employees have operated for hybrid working model due to hazards of Covid 19 and they require digital training handbook to support their continuous professional development during their working from home period, which can only be mitigated by training through e-learning method.

Chapter Five: Discussion

Discussion of primary findings

The primary findings demonstrate that the financial and operational challenges are the major problems for REAP to manage refugee run firms. This occurs as the firms are relatively new when it comes to operating UK market and have low expertise in understanding the taxation procedures and ways to access funding. Therefore, this lack of prerequisite knowledge in these aspects makes it difficult for REAP to make this firms realize the benefits of diverse funding sources and serves a barrier. Furthermore, the issue is more compounded by the lack of funding by the government schemes to REAP since the initiative of organising campaigns, promotion drive, seminars is highly expensive and they are not able to organise such campaigns for educating the asylum seekers about diverse capital inflow sources due to absence of donations. The positive effect of turnaround and retrenchment strategy has also emerged as a significant inference from the primary results. This has prevailed as the Covid 19 has enhanced the demand for low priced services and the turnaround strategy has been able to address such necessity due to its feature of revenue-based optimization for introducing new services. On the other hand, Covid 19 influenced the requirement of decreased operational investment for the manufacturing services and the retrenchment strategy has met this requirement as the strategy is more focused on cost optimization.

Discussion of LR

The secondary research shows that the low levels of funding has been adversely impacting the initiatives of charity organisations to drive the improvement of refugee operated businesses. There have been several authors that have resonated this statement. It is also observed that the low levels of funding for REAP have been driven by the absence of initiatives from the public and private sector. This prevalence has made it particularly difficult for REAP to manage the refugee operated businesses as they have witnessed a major issue in handling the financial loss that most of the refugee run companies has witnessed. The findings from empirical evidences in the literature review section ascertain that the business recovery strategy is of two types which mainly includes the retrenchment and turnaround strategy. It is also observed that both of these strategies have been equally suggested and adopted by charity firms to run businesses that are owned by the refugees.

Chapter Six: Conclusion, Recommendation and Implications for further research

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be concluded that the pandemic of Covid-19 has impacted in a negative way all the population of the world and the people who got the most affected is the business owners. The reason behind it is that the lockdown was announced by the government and people were restricted to go anywhere. The main problem that is faced by the businesses is the economical and the financial. Most of the businesses were not able to earn revenue and they were also unable to pay their debts. There were so many businesses that have chosen for liquidation. The businesses that were run by the refuge were in the worst situation. The organization REAP has provided some business recovery strategies to recover them from that situation.

Recommendation

There are two business recovery strategies that were proposed to use by the organization REAP and two strategies are retrenchment and turnaround. In the strategy of retrenchment, the decision about the businesses is taken and there is a possibility that the business owners need to take some difficult decisions for the welfare of the business. The retrenchment strategy also helps to analyze the outcome of the decisions that have been taken for the welfare of the company (Saphira, 2022). The theory of turnaround defines the recovery strategy from the financial matter of a company that is performing poorly in terms of the getting revenue and also the economic condition of the company is bad. There are a set of strategies of the theory of turn around and it can help to recover a business that is failing.

Implication for further research

During the time of the lockdown in the covid-19 pandemic period, it has been seen that most of the companies were not available online before the time of Covid-19. But there were also some brands that were available online and it can be said that the companies have gained profit during the lockdown. In the time of lockdown, people were restricted from getting outside of the house and that is the reason why online shopping was the only option left to them. One suggestion that can be given to the business owners is that they should be available online and the future generations who wanted to do business have to learn that e-portal so that they can run their business successfully in any situation. Moreover, the research and its findings will enable the other researchers and organisations to implement the solutions so that the further issues regarding this context can be minimised.

Business Recovery Strategies For Adversely Affected Industries In The UK: A Case Study Of Reap's Response

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