This study delves into how project management strategies influence the success of political campaigns, with a focus on Nigerian politics and its impact.
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Project management is defined as the application of different types of methods and knowledge relating to the attainment of the project objectives. It is a process through which the project manager plans the activities and executes them in a planned manner so that the project objective can be attained. Along with this, a political campaign is defined as a campaign being organised to accomplish any political activity (Nwanmuoh, et. al, 2021). To make the political campaign becomes successful effective project management Strategies and stages must be followed. For the effective management of the different political activities and campaigns, proper project management strategies must be followed. This is particularly because of the reason that organising any political activity it is very necessary that all the stages of followed effectively.
Thus, for this, it involves the application of the project management stages so that the event or the campaigns can the organised well. Many times political behaviour also needs to be managed to maintain a good political campaign. Thus, for this, there needs to be a project manager who continuously works on managing all the work and the behaviour of the employees. This is necessary because when a project manager is present they will guide all the political team members on how they have to perform and behave within a team and while working on a project (Okolie, Enyiazu and Nnamani, 2021). In addition to this for maintaining coordination between every activity of the political party it is necessary that the project manager effectively work. This is particularly crucial because when the project manager will not perform their duties effectively then the political campaign will not become successful. For this, the project manager must perform the duties effectively so that every team member is motivated to work.
The current study is based on Nigerian politics anti-political campaigns being organised there. The current study will outline the aim and objective relating to the research topic and the rationale for selecting it (Opeibi, 2019). Further, the study will outline the analysis of different literature relating to the research topic. Along with this, the analysis of the different types of research methods selected will also be listed. In the end, the data analysis conclusion and recommendations will be drawn for the effective attainment of the objectives of the current research study.
Project management refers to as effective application of knowledge and principles for the attainment of the objectives of the project. To organise the political campaign it is very necessary that effective project management Strategies and principles of followed. This is particularly because of the reason that the organising of a political campaign is itself of project. Hence, to manage this project effectively effective project management Strategies and steps must be followed. Thus, the current study will outline the application and impact of project management strategies on the political campaign and its maintenance. Along with tasty study will also highlight the effects which the project management changes create on the political campaign and its management
Aim
To assess the relationship between project management and political campaigning. A study on All Progressive Party in Nigeria.
Objectives
Research questions
In the current competitive environment project management faces a specific focus. This is particularly because of the reason that for any activity the project management steps need to be followed. This is very necessary for the country to effectively follow the project management steps so that the political campaign can be made successful. For organising any event or campaign proper steps must be followed (Unegbu, Yawas and Dan-asabe, 2021). Thus, for this reason, it is very necessary to comply with all the project management steps so that these events are organised effectively. The current significance of the research topic is to the country’s political parties. This is particularly because of the reason that they organise different kinds of events and campaigns and for it, it is very necessary to comply with all the project management stages. Along with this, the current study is also of significance to other countries that also focus on the effective implementation of different campaigns and political activities.
In this current competitive environment, effective project management strategies must be followed to manage the campaign effectively. Many different political campaigns are being organised by the political parties and they must be successful. In case these campaigns will not be successful then it will be affecting the success of the political parties. Hence, the current research topic is importance because it will help in deciding the project management for the effective management of the political campaign (Cheeseman, et. al, 2020). Along with this, the current research topic is chosen because without project management not any event can be organised. Hence, it is very necessary to analyse the significance of project management for managing any political event or campaign. Along with this the reason for selecting the current research topic is the personal and academic interest of the researcher. Moreover, another reason for the selection of the current research topic is that it will help in analysing the relationship between project management and the maintenance of the political campaign within the country.
Chapter 1: Introduction
The introduction chapter of the presentation includes an overview of the whole research topic. In addition to this, it also outlines the aim and objective along with the rationale for selecting the topic of research.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
The second chapter involves a literature review which includes evaluation of various articles books and journals relating to the research topic so that theoretical knowledge can be enhanced. Here the different articles relating to the research topic are evaluated and then the findings are compared with the current study.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
The next chapter is research methodology which outlines all the intended methods selected for completing the objectives of the research. This includes a listing of all the methods selected and the justification beneath every selection.
Chapter 4: Data analysis & findings
Thereafter comes the next chapter which includes an analysis of the data being gathered and evaluation. It includes analysis of the findings and proving the hypothesis and objectives correct.
Chapter 5: Evaluation
The evaluation chapter is the one which outlines t analysis of the data being collected and evaluated. In the present case the secondary data is gathered and accordingly evaluation and integration with the literature review will be made in this chapter.
Chapter 6: Recommendation
Within the recommendation chapter different suggestions will be made for improving the research topic and how the research can be conducted better in the future. Along with this recommendation relating to the research topic will be made so that the company or the related people can make the changes effectively.
Chapter 5: Conclusion
Further, the last chapter includes the drawing of conclusions from the evaluation of the data. This chapter outlines the conclusion from the whole of the study.
A literature review is being analysed and undertaken as the evaluation of the different articles and books relating to the study. It includes an evaluation of all the secondary sources relating to the research topic to attain the objectives of the current study. In the present case, the different kinds of literature like articles, journals, books and other published data are being reviewed and evaluated. All the journals and articles relating to the political campaign and the project management are evaluated to develop theoretical knowledge relating to the research aim and objective. Moreover, the current study will outline the opinions and views of different authors relating to the research topic will be evaluated to attain the objectives of the study.
In the views of Glyptis and et. al, (2020) project management is defined as the application of different knowledge and skills which are used to attain the project objective. For undertaking any kind of project there are different kinds of steps which are followed. Project management includes all these steps and all these steps must be used and followed effectively to attain the project objectives. On the other hand, Scoones and Stirling, (2020) stated that a political campaign is defined as the organised efforts which are undertaken by a political group to influence the people. Many political parties organise different kinds of campaigns to attract citizens to vote or for any other purpose. During the election, the political campaigns were organised effectively to get better words. Thus, it is very necessary for the political parties they effectively organise such events or campaigns so that they can be successful.
To organise an effective political campaign, project management is necessary to be followed. This is particularly because of the reason that when the effective project management stages of followed then automatically the project campaign will become successful. It is particularly because of the reason that project management includes the steps from initiation of the project till closure of the project. Thus, ultimately it will result in effective attainment of the objectives of the project. Against this Alvarenga and et.al, (2019) argued that effective compliance with project management strategies is very necessary to get successful. The major reason underlying the fact is that project management provides a base for the organiser of the campaign to effectively plan the steps of the campaign. Hence, as a result of this, it is very helpful for the political party to effectively plan for the campaign and make it successful.
In support of this Owusu, Chan and Shan, (2019) state that project management is very significant in managing the political campaign. The reason underlying the fact is that project management provides effective guidance to manage the campaign and effectively attain objectives. Along with this project management provides a base for effective decision making and this helps in making timely decisions for managing the project. While undertaking any political campaign there are many decisions which need to be taken and in case decisions are not effective then it can impact the whole political campaign. Along with this when the project management stages are effectively followed then it results in effective attainment of the political campaign goals. This will help the political parties in promoting their party effectively and try to win the elections or the purpose for which the campaign has been organised. Moreover, the effective use of project management stages will help the manager to effectively comply with the planned activities and implement them within the intended manner only.
Thus, according to the views of Scoones and Stirling, (2020), both project management and political campaign is necessary to be followed. This pertains to the fact that both are of significance to the researcher and the companies or the political parties who have been using them. This is because of the reason that complying with effective project management strategies and stages will guide and help the company or the political party to effectively comply with the objectives and try to attain them. Ultimately it will result in better working of the project and the objectives of the study will be accomplished easily. The reason underlying the fact is that when effective working is ensured then automatically it results in the successful attainment of the project objectives and resulting in successful accomplishment of the project. For this, it is necessary for any company or political party to effectively follow the project management principles so that the working can be improved effectively and efficiently. Moreover, these principles of project management will guide the employees of the team and will result in the accomplishment of the aim of the project.
In the views of Kerzner, (2022) stated that political campaigns and project management are interrelated one. This is particularly because of the reason that both cannot work without one another. For organising the political campaign project management is very necessary. Similarly when the project management is implemented then the organisational politics also impact the whole project. Project management and political campaigns are related to one another. Thus, any change within one of them will impact another factor and the whole project. Similarly, Turnhout and et.al, (2020) supported that when project management is effectively followed it results in the success of the political campaign. Moreover, when the project management is not effectively implemented it can impact the successful completion of the campaign as well. This is because of the reason that the project management guides the completion of the whole political campaign and in case it is not effectively land then the outcomes will not be good. Thus, it is very necessary for Nigerian political campaigning to effectively comply with all the stages of project management. Moreover when the project management stages are effectively followed it creates a positive impact on the successful completion of the political campaign. Along with this, the project creates a positive relationship with the political campaign. This positive relationship is effectively needed to be present because when the relationship between both will not be good then the outcome will not be effective.
In addition to this Kittel and et.al, (2021) also stated that having a cordial relationship between project management and political campaign is very necessary. This is about the fact that when the relationship between both of them will be effective then only the objectives will be attained. For instance, in case the project management stages are not clear then the political campaign will not be completed effectively. On the other side in case the political campaign objectives are not clear then it will impact the working of the campaign. Thus, it is very necessary for the project manager and the political campaign organiser they have effective coordination between them. This is particularly necessary because in case the coordination will not be present then it will be impacting the efficiency of the project and the objectives of both the project and political campaign will not be attained. Ultimately it will impact the overall efficiency of the project and the project team will not be satisfied. This is particularly because of the reason that the objectives will not be attained well then the people will not be happy and satisfied.
On the other hand, Campos and Reich, (2019) argued that when the major focus is led on one thing then it creates consequences for both. Thus, it is very necessary for both the project manager and the political campaign manager the effectively work together so that the objectives can be attained well. For the successful completion of the campaign, there must be coordination between both of them. It is necessary because in case effective communication will not be taking place then it will impact the overall success of the project. Hence, it is very crucial for the business and the political parties as well that they effectively communicate with one another. In case any information is miscommunicated then it can create a a negative impact on the fulfilment of the objectives of the project.
Moreon, and Davies (2021) emphasized that organisational politics also affect the completion of the political campaign. This is particularly because of the reason that for the successful implementation of project management, the company work hard. Many times there are situations where the organisational politics is strong and it creates a a negative impact on the working of the project manager. Thus, they try to improve the working efficiency for this it is the responsibility of the manager so that they can evaluate and understand the requirements of the project team. In case the project team is happy then ultimately outcome of the project will be attained well. Thus, for this, it is very necessary for the project manager they continuously communicate with the team and try to understand their requirement and suggestions for improvement. When the suggestions of the team and the other people are implemented then they will work with more efficiency and ultimately it will result in the attainment of the objectives of the project and political campaign.
On a contradictory note Melia, (2020) stated that for the political campaign either the event includes the elections or any promotion relating to the election activities. It is very necessary for the political party to hire a project manager who will ensure all these steps are effective and its implementation. Thus the political leader must recruit a good and effective project manager who will be working on successfully implementing the political campaign. Hence, it is the responsibility of the project manager they effectively plan all the activities and communicate them with the political leader. This is necessary because the political leader is the client and in case they do not have sufficient information then it can impact the successful completion of the project.
Thus, it is the prime responsibility of the project manager that they must effectively share all information with the political leader. Thereafter the responsibility of the project manager is to effectively communicate the plant strategy to the project team. This is particularly because of the reason that when the communication between the project manager and project team will not be clear then the objectives will not be attained. This is particularly because of the reason that the project team is the one who will be working on the planned activities. Thus, it is very necessary for them to easily understand what needs to be done. There the responsibility of the project manager is to effectively communicate all the strategies and decisions to the stakeholders of the project. The reason underlying the fact is that these stakeholders are the people who are interested in the success of the project. Hence, when all the information is communicated to them they will also ensure that all the activities are taking place in the planned manner. Hence it will help the project manager in monitoring and controlling the project effectively so that the ultimate objective of the political leader can be attained by the success of the political campaign.
Along with this Rothe (2020) stated that there must be a two-way relationship between the project manager and the political campaign organizer. This is particularly necessary because both parties are related to one another and cannot operate without one another. Thus, it is the responsibility of both of them that they effectively follow the strategies for completing the objectives of the project. Thus, there needs to be an effective relationship between both parties so that the objectives can be attained well. Along with this, the working of one influences another as well. This is particularly because of the reason that in case the project manager will not be effectively working then it will also influence the project organiser as well and they will also not work effectively. Ultimately project team will not be working efficiently and the whole project will be impacted. Thus, there needs to be a proper relationship being present among both the project manager and the political campaign organiser. In case they will not be working in synchronisation then it will affect the attainment of the objectives. More on, synchronisation and coordination are required so that the effective attainment of the objects can be undertaken.
In the views of Fewings. and Henjewele (2019) there is an impact created by project management on the success of the political campaign. This is particularly because of the reason that the political campaign is treated as a project and in case the project management steps and stages are not followed effectively then it will impact the success of the political campaign. Hence, in the present case, the political campaign is treated as a project which needs to be accomplished. Thus, for the successful accomplishment of the project, project management must be applied. This is particularly necessary because project management includes the stages which are required to be followed to attain the objectives. In case these steps and stages are not followed effectively then it will impact the efficiency of the political campaign and the objectives will not be attained well. Along with this, all the project management methodologies must be effectively followed. The reason underlying the fact is that many times the project management methodology affects the success of the project. Thus it is the responsibility of the manager that they effectively select the project management methodology so that the objectives can be attained effectively.
Against this Stanitsas, Kirytopoulos and Leopoulos, (2021) argued that power and politics go hand and hand. The power and politics affect the project management to a great extent. This is particularly because of the reason that when power and politics are clubbed together then it creates a negative impact on the project management and its strategies. This is particularly because of the reason that project management includes the different stages with need to be followed for the effective attainment of the objectives. In case the objectives are not attained well then it will impact the whole project. When politics and power are combined and then applied in project management then it creates a negative impact on the working. When politics is high and the power is concentrated in a few hands then it creates a negative impact on working efficiency.
Thus, according to Crawford and Paglen, (2021), it is the responsibility of the project manager to effectively decide the power and responsibility of the people within the team. In case the team working is not effective and the political pressures are high then it will create a negative impact on the working efficiency of the employees. In case managers will not be working efficiently and ultimately it will result in objectives being not attained effectively and optimally. Moreover, the competition within the external environment is high and intense. In case the competition is not evaluated and analysed then it might impact negatively. This is particularly because of the reason that there are many other political parties as well. Thus, these parties will try to negatively impact the project management and as a result of this, the objectives will not be attained in the intended manner. Thus, it is the responsibility of the project manager that they must effectively follow all the strategies and try to monitor the project effectively. In case the project manager will not be working efficiently then it will result in not attaining the objectives of the political campaign.
On the other hand, Velkova and Kaun, (2021) supported that it is very necessary for the project manager they effectively comply with the strategies planned. This is particularly because of the reason that when the planned strategies are not implemented in a proper manner then it creates a negative impact on the political campaign. Hence it is the responsibility of the project manager that they must ensure every planned strategy is followed properly. The reason underlying the fact is that when these strategies are not followed effectively it can create a negative impact on the successful completion of the project. The political campaign might not be successful and it will create a negative impact on the image of the party and the project team as well. Thus, it is the responsibility of the project manager they effectively follow the strategies planned in the intended manner only. This is necessary because it will ensure that all the steps and stages are effectively followed and will proper attainment of the objectives of the political campaign.
AgAgainst this Kerzner, (2019) stated that when the project manager follows all the steps in a planned manner then it creates a positive impact on the performance of the project. The reason underlying the fact is that if all the planned steps are followed effectively then ultimately it will create a positive impact on the working efficiency of the business. The reason behind this fact is that when the planned steps are followed effectively then it will create a positive impact on the working efficiency of the project team. This will result in the successful attainment of the project objectives. Hence, it is the responsibility of the project manager they effectively plan the strategies and communicate them with others. This is necessary because in case communication is not clear then it can impact the working efficiency and the objectives will not be attained effectively. More effective communication will foster the working efficiency of the team members and they will be in a position to effectively accomplish all the objectives of the project.
On the other side Velkova and Kaun, (2021) argued that the political parties must follow all the stages of project management effectively for the success of the campaign. The reason underlying the fact is that when the stages of project management are implemented it will provide a better result for accomplishing the objectives of the campaign. These stages include initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and closure of the project. All these stages need to be followed effectively so that the objectives can be accomplished more easily and effectively. Along with this when the project management strategies and stages are followed effectively then it will improve the working efficiency of the project and the objectives of the campaign will be analysed effectively. Moreover, the positive impact is created by effective compliance with the stages that need to be followed so that the work can be improved and effective objectives can be accomplished.
Against this Scoones and Stirling, (2020) argue that when the project management stages and strategies are not used effectively then it creates a a negative impact on the working of the company or the project. The reason underlying the fact is that these strategies and stages provide effective guidance to the employees or the people working on the project. Effective guidance helps the company and the employees as well in implementing the work in a better and more effective way. Thus, ultimately it will be improving the efficiency of the employees as they will be helping them in increasing the efficiency of the project. The reason underlying the fact is that all these stages will guide the people to effectively increase the working of the company and the project objectives of the company. This proper guidance provided will help the company attain the objectives of the project better. The reason behind this fact is that when an effective analysis is undertaken it will improve the efficiency of the whole project and as a result of this all working efficiency will be improved.
On a contradictory note, Crawford and Paglen, (2021) stated that complying with all the principles of project management will assist the company in effectively attaining the objectives of the project. This is about the fact that when all the activities are planned and executed based on the project management strategies then it provides a better base for effective accomplishment of the objectives. Along with this, it creates a positive impact on the working of the company and the attainment of the campaign. The reason underlying the fact is that these guidelines provide direction to the people working on the project. Thus, as a result of this, the only working is improved and as a result of this, the objectives are attained properly and effectively. Also, these strategies of project management will assist in better direction and guidance to the team and the employees working on the project. Thus, it provides for better guidance to the employees and will help in a better way to the project.
2.5 Conclusion
The above chapter concluded that project management is very necessary for the effective working of the company or any kind of political campaign. This is about the fact that the project management stages need to be followed by the political parties for organising any of the campaigns. This pertains to the fact that project management includes five stages and this needs to be followed effectively by political parties so that they can effectively accomplish the objective of the project of political campaign. This is about the fact that when the project management strategies will be followed in accomplishing the objectives then it will improve the working efficiency of the business.
Research methodology is defined as the steps which are to be followed to attain the objectives of the research. For undertaking the research successfully effective methods must be applied. This is because of the reason that the methods provide the direction for accomplishing the objectives of the study. Also, the effective selection of the appropriate methods for the research needs to be undertaken. This is because of the reason that these methods result in the effective attainment of the objectives of the study. The current chapter will outline the detailed methodology which is selected for the effective accomplishment of the aim and objectives of the current study.
The type of research is defined as the way through which the whole study is being accomplished. For the study to be successful it is very necessary that the type of research need to be effective and good. The reason underlying the fact is that when the research type is effectively selected it will result in better attainment of the objectives of the study. The type of research is of two types: qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research includes focusing on the non-numeric information relating to the research topic. On the other side, quantitative research is the one which includes considering the numeric information relating to the study topic. It includes focusing on numeric information and fat and figures relating to the research topic (Pandey and Pandey, 2021). To accomplish the objectives of the current study which is to analyse the impact of project management on political campaigns the use of qualitative study is undertaken. This is particularly selected for the reason that when the non-numeric information and theoretical insight relating to the research topic will be analysed then the study will be more effective. The reason underlying the fact is that when the theoretical knowledge is used then ultimately it results in better working of the study and the accomplishment of the objectives of the study. This is about the fact that with the help of qualitative study, the research is undertaken in a better manner and the theoretical knowledge is increased due to the use of qualitative study. The benefit of implementing the qualitative study is that it will help in improving the knowledge relating to the impact the project management creates on the political campaign
The approach of the research is defined as the process through which the different methods are being used within the study. The reason underlying the fact is that in case the methods selected will not be appropriate then it will not assist in attaining the objectives of the study well. Thus, it is very necessary for the researcher that they effectively select all the methods appropriately so that the objectives can be attained well. It is very necessary for the researcher that the effectively select the research approach. This is particularly necessary because when the approach of the research will not be good and effective than the whole study will be impacted. Thus, it is very necessary for the researcher to effectively select the appropriate research approach so that the whole study gets successful. There are two types of approaches: inductive and deductive. The inductive approach is the one which includes setting up objectives and aims relating to the topic of the research. On the other side, the deductive approach is the one which includes framing of hypothesis (Newman and Gough, 2020). Both approaches are effective for the accomplishment of the objectives but it is necessary to select the most appropriate strategy. Hence, for the accomplishment of the aim of the current study to analyse the impact of project management on the political campaign the use of an inductive approach is undertaken. The use of the inductive approach is undertaken for the reason that it provides a base for the researcher to set the aim and objectives relating to the study. This aim and objectives provide a direction to the researcher in completing the study and trying to attain the objectives of the current study effectively. The present study made use of an inductive approach and set the aim relating to the impact of project management on the political campaign.
The philosophy of the research is defined as the beliefs and values which underlie the selection of the current research topic and the methods for attaining the objectives. Behind the selection of any of the methods, there are some or the other reasons. Thus, it is the responsibility of the researcher that they must effectively comply with the philosophy so that the objectives of the research can be attained well. There are two different types of philosophy which can be selected by the researcher while accomplishing the objectives: interpretivism and positivism. Interpretivism is the approach which includes focusing on the theoretical information relating to the research topic (Al-Ababneh, 2020). On the other side, positivism is the philosophy which is based on undertaking the use of factual information and the data relating to the working of the research topic. For the research to be successful it is very necessary that they appropriate philosophy is selected. The reason behind the fact is that when the philosophy will not be appropriate then the collection of the data will be impacted. Thus, when the data collection will be affected then automatically it will impact the holes study and its success of the research. It is the responsibility of the researcher that they appropriately select the philosophy of the research so that the objectives can be attend effectively.To accomplish the objective of the current study relating to analysing the political campaign and project management the use of interpretivism is undertaken. This is about the fact that when interpretivism is used it results in better and more effective attainment of the objectives of the current study. Thus, the interpretivism philosophy will help the researcher in improving the work and try to attain the aim and objective of the study in a better and more effective manner. This will help in improving the efficiency of the research and consequently, the objectives will be attained well.
The data is the most important aspect of the research to be successful. The reason underlying the fact is that the research cannot be undertaken effectively without the use of the data. This is about the fact that for the success of the research, it is very necessary that effective and appropriate data need to be gathered so that the objective of the study can be accomplished. The data can be gathered from two different sources which include primary and another is secondary sources. The primary source is the one which provides first-hand information relating to the research topic (Budianto, 2020). On the other hand, the secondary source is the one which includes evaluation of the already published data from different articles, journals and other websites. For the successful completion of the study, the appropriate data must be selected. This is particularly for the reason that the data provides an effective base for the completion of the study. The appropriate selection of the data source is necessary because the whole study is dependent on the data only. In case the data will not be appropriate then the result will not be effective and the outcome will also be affected to a great extent.
To gather data relating to the impact of project management on the political campaign the use of secondary sources altogether. The secondary source is used as it provides a wide range of data relating to the research topic. This is because of the reason that the secondary sources include the use of different articles, books, journals and others relating to the research topic. This will include evaluating the different types of books, journals, articles and all the other published sources relating to the research topic. The benefit of undertaking the use of the secondary source is that it will provide a wide range of data relating to the research topic and then the evaluation will be undertaken to attain the objectives of the study.
After the collection of the data, the most essential step is to effectively analyse and evaluate the data. This is the most crucial step for the success of the study. The reason underlying the fact is that when the data will not be evaluated effectively then it will affect the onall attainment of the objectives of the study. This is about the fact that when the data will not be evaluated effectively then the objectives will not be attained well. The data can be analysed with the help of two different types of techniques that is thematic analysis and the use of SPSS. The thematic analysis is a technique which includes making different types of themes relating to the objectives of the study and then using the different views of authors and other scholars relating to the study topic (Greening, 2019). Along with this SPSS is a statistical tool which includes applying different types of statistical tools to the data gathered and proving the hypothesis correct. It is necessary for the researcher to effectively decide on the analysis tool which can be used for the effective attainment of the objectives of the research study. To accomplish the present study based on analysing the impact of project management on political campaigns the use of thematic analysis. This is about the fact that within this type of analysis, the different themes relating to the objectives are created and then it is analysed using the different views of the author. Thus, thematic analysis is beneficial for the researcher because it will help them enhance the theoretical knowledge relating to the research topic and work in the attainment of the objective of the study. Along with this, it will also help in increasing the information relating to the research topic and develop a better base for analysing the data and the different secondary sources. These different sources provide for better data which assist in evaluating the research topic in a better and effective manner. This is very necessary for the reason that it will help in analysing and improving the research topic and all the data relating to it.
While conducting the study there are many different types of limitations which the researcher can face while working. This is because of the reason that there are many different issues which the researcher faces while undertaking the study. The first and foremost limitation which the researcher faced is a limitation of time. This is the major limitation because of the reason that the time provided for the completion of the research was very limited. It was difficult to accomplish the objectives of the study on time. However, the researcher with good time management skills tried to complete the study on time and as a result this, the objectives were attained before the time provided (Dodds and Hess, 2020). The study was accomplished before time so that there is some time left for the rechecking of the work and to make the necessary changes which are required.
Along with this another limitation faced by the researcher including the fact that the budget provided for the study was very limited. The reason underlying the fact is that for undertaking the study, money is required and the budget allocated was very limited. Thus, the researcher with their effective allocating skill, divided the whole budget among all the activities of the research. Hence, as a result of this, the limited budget was also effectively followed and complied effectively (Babii, 2020). Furthermore, another limitation of the study was that the resources available were also very limited and scarce. Thus, this also affects the successful working of the study and the attainment of the objectives of the current research as all the work is done with the resources only. When the resources will not be effectively available then the work can be impacted to a great extent. However, the researcher with good allocating skills tried to improve the use of resources effectively so that the working efficiency is increased and the objectives of the study is also attained well.
For an effective study, it is very necessary that the whole working is done effectively and ethically. This is about the fact that when the study does not include ethical aspects then it will impact the output of the study. The first and foremost ethical aspect which is considered while undertaking the current study was to gather the data only from the websites which have the copyright. This is about the fact that the copyright authenticates the data and in case it is not present then it will be impacting the study and the output as well. The reason underlying the fact is that copyright sources ensure that all the data is authentic and is not wrong and will provide accurate results for the attainment of the objectives. Along with this, another ethical aspect which is considered includes the fact that confidentiality is also maintained. This is very necessary for reason that when effective data is used from different sources then it is necessary to keep the source confidential. It is crucial because the source and its information are not revealed while using the data (Mahuika and Mahuika, 2020). Along with this another consideration which is taken care of by the researcher includes the proper communication of the results. This is very necessary to be considered because in case the results will not be effectively communicated with the respondents and other interested people then it will not make the study successful. The reason underlying the fact is that effective and clear communication needs to be present so that the attainment of the objectives and aim of the study can be made.
For the success of the research, it is very necessary that reliability and validity need to be maintained. This is about the fact that when the effective reliability and validity are focused by the researcher then the outcome of the study is very effective. The reason underlying the fact is that reliable study will always provide better outcomes which will result in effective attainment of the objectives. For ensuring the reliability of the study, the most important aspect to be taken care of is the duration of article or the books which are selected. This is very necessary because when too old data is used by the researcher then the study will not be effective and the result will not be attained (Dzwigol, 2022). Thus, for this, it is ensured that the researcher has undertaken the use of articles which are latest and not too old than 2019. The latest data is used as it provides the latest information relating to the research topic. Along with this for the validity of the data, references have been provided to every aspect of the study. This is about the fact that when the references are provided then it authenticates the information and the data which is being used in the study. Thus, for the effective attainment of the objectives of the current study based on analysing the impact of project management on the political campaign the use of proper references has been made. The reason underlying the fact is that these references authenticate all the information and the facts and figures which have been used within the study.
3.10 Conclusion
In the end, it is concluded that the research methodology is necessary to be evaluated because it provides direction for the effective completion of the study. This is very necessary because when the methodology is clearly stated then it improves the efficiency of the study and the attainment of the objectives of the research study. The above chapter concluded that using qualitative research type is very necessary because it will help in analysing the research topic so that the objectives can be attained well. Also, it highlighted the thematic analysis will be undertaken because it will help in developing good theoretical knowledge relating to the research topic and aim and objectives. Furthermore, it was evaluated that the inductive approach is assistive because it helps in framing the aim and objectives and as a result of this it provides direction to the researcher for attaining the objectives of the study.
With the help of the above data and literature review, it is clear that project management is very necessary for companies to be successful. This is particularly because of the reason that when the effective project management stages will be followed then it will assist in attaining the objectives of the business to a great extent. This is about the fact that project management is defined as the application of the knowledge and the skills which is required for the attainment of the objectives for which the project is being undertaken. For the success of any event or objective, effective project management stages must be followed. This is about the fact that when the project management stages are complied with effectively then it will improve the attainment of the objectives.
In support of this, Rothe, (2020) stated that project management is defined as the discipline which includes the established principles and policies which need to be followed for attaining the objectives of the business or the event. The reason underlying the fact is that when the work of the project is done and planned by the requirements of the stages of project management then it will improve the work to a great extent. A political campaign is defined as an event which is organized by political parties to promote themselves so that they can win the elections. Thus, it is very necessary for the political parties to effectively follow all the project management stages so that they can organise the campaign properly and correctly.
About Nigerian politics, comply with effective project management strategies. This is about the fact that when the political parties will be using the project management stages then it will provide direction to them to effectively organise the political events in a proper and effective manner. During the elections, it is very necessary for the political parties they effectively organize different events and promotional campaigns so that they attract the citizens of the country. This ultimately will encourage the citizens to vote for the particular political parties as they are trying to provide different benefits concerning compliance with project management. This is particularly necessary for the reason that when the working of the political party is by the project management strategies then it will result in the successful accomplishment of the aim for which the event is organized.
On the other side, Scoones and Stirling, (2020) argued that when the political parties will not effectively comply with the project management strategies then it will affect the efficiency of the campaign. Hence, it is necessary for the political parties they effectively comply with the requirements and principles of project management so that work can be improved. This is very necessary for the reason that when effective principles and practices are followed it will improve the efficiency of the political parties to a great extent. The use of project management strategies and principles is beneficial for the political parties and their usage. This is about the fact that with help of the project management principles help the political parties in improving the running of the different campaigns. There are different types of event which the political party need to organize to attract the different people living within the country. For the political party to win the election need to attract the citizen. In case the citizen will not be attracted towards the working of the political parties then automatically will enhance the image of the political parties. The reason underlying the fact is that when the promotion is done will then automatically it will improve the efficiency of the parties. Along with this, when the working of the political parties will be organised the work well then it will increase the efficiency as well.
With the evaluation of the above literature review, it is evident that there is a positive relationship present within both project management and the political campaign. This is particularly because of the reason that both the concept goes hand in hand. In case the project management strategies are good then automatically the project campaign will become successful. This is particularly because of the reason that when effective project management strategies are used they outline the whole blueprint of the campaign. Every member of the team knows what work they have to accomplish and within how much period. Thus, alternately it improves the on all working efficiency of the campaign and resultantly it becomes successful. Along with this, it is also very necessary that an effective relationship is maintained within the project management and political campaign. The reason underlying the fact is that when effective project management strategies are used then automatically it increases and enhances the working efficiency of the campaign. Thus, it provides appropriate direction to the political parties and they are in a position to attain the objectives of the campaign easily and effectively.
In support of this Stanitsas, Kirytopoulos and Leopoulos, (2021) state that effective compliance with project management results in the success of the political campaign. This is particularly because of the reason that many times organising a political campaign is tough. But with the help of effective project management strategies, it is very helpful for businesses or political parties to organise different kinds of campaigns. These campaigns can be organised for the welfare of the people and ultimately result in attracting the citizens to the political parties who are organising them. Through the evaluation of the above data, it is evident that within Nigeria the Progressive Party is very active and good while working in politics. This is particularly because of the reason that they belong to different political backgrounds and as a result of this they can work effectively. In addition to this when the people belong to some political party then it automatically increases the interest of the people within the politics. Hence, it is very necessary for people they have a good relationship between project management and political parties. The major reason underlying the fact is that when the relationship is affected then automatically it will result in the attainment of the objectives. On the other hand when the parties will not be assembled then it can create a negative impact on the working of the project. The reason underlying the fact is that when the decisions regarding the whole project are taken effectively then ultimately it will result in all attainment of the objectives and aim of the current study.
In against of this Turnhout and et. al, (2020) stated that both the project management and political parties and their campaign are interrelated to one another. This is particularly because of the reason that when any of the following will not be effective then it will be impacting the success of the project. The reason underlying the fact is that effective project management strategies are implemented automatically which will help them to improve the oral efficiency of the study. The reason behind this fact is that when the project management strategies are clearly defined then automatically it will provide proper guidance to the employees and as a result of this they will be ensured proper and successful working. This guidance is very necessary for the success of the project or the political campaign. The reason behind this fact is that the guidance helps the person in arranging the campaign effectively so that the objectives of the campaign can be attained. For the success of the campaign, it is very necessary that it is being organised effectively. This is particularly necessary because when effective strategies relating to project management are followed then automatically the campaign will become successful. Hence, the companies must be the political party who are organising any event or campaign that effectively complies with the project management Strategies and stages. These strategies lay the foundation of the whole project and its success. When these stages and steps are followed effectively then it automatically results in the attainment of the objectives of the political campaign. Ultimately it will result in a complement of the objectives and as a result of this, the only working is improved.
With the further analysis of the findings and literature review it was evident that the effective use of project management strategies creates a positive impact on the working of the political campaign. This is particularly necessary because when effective strategies relating to project management or followed it improves see working of the campaign. The reason behind this fact is that when the effective project management strategies are followed effectively then it will result in the success of the project which is a political campaign. This is crucial for success because when the project is not implemented according to the strategies then the project will not be successful. Thus, for this, it is essential that the project management strategies and stages need to be followed effectively. In support of this Velkova and Kaun, (2021) with the effective use of project management strategies is very helpful for the success of the political campaign. The political campaign is organised by different political parties to attain the objectives of the campaign. For the success of the campaign, all the strategies must be complied with effectively in efficiently. This is very necessary because when the project management strategies are applied effectively it will create a positive impact on the success of the campaign.
After the evaluation of the findings and literature review, it was evident that power and politics are simultaneous and work hand in hand. It is very necessary for the effective success that both project management and political campaigns are run effectively. This is particularly essential because when both the project management and political campaigns are working in synchronization then the outcomes will be effective and efficient. The reason behind this fact is that project management strategies guide the effective working of the political campaign. All the political parties have to comply with the project management strategies so that they can organise the events in kind to win the elections the political parties work continuously on organising campaigns and events to attract the citizens. Hence, for the success of the political campaign, all the project management strategies must be used effective level. This effective use is necessary because it creates a positive impact on the working of the political campaign. The major reason underlying the fact is that when effective strategies are followed then automatically the result will be positive.
On the ccontrary when the strategies will not be followed effectively then automatically it will result in a negative impact on the project. This is vertical early because of the reason that when the project management strategies are not used effectively then it results in deviation within the project. Thus, as a result of this, the all-working efficiency copy project will be impacted in case the project management strategies are not followed effectively. In case the project management strategies are not made by the requirement then the objective of the campaign will not be attained. Hence, for the effective working of the political campaign, the project management strategies must be efficiently used effectively. In case these strategies will not be used effectively then the objectives will not be attained well. In support of this Snyder, (2019) stated that effective use of project management is very necessary to accomplish the objectives of the campaign. The All Progressive Party of Nigeria effectively uses project management strategies so that the working efficiency of the political campaign is organised effectively. This is very necessary for the success of the project because when the strategies are implemented by the political party effectively then it will result in the attainment of the objectives of the campaign.
In the views of Snyder, (2019) supported that when the working of the political event is in accordance with the project management strategies then this will increase the overall working of the political parties. This is very necessary as the working of the campaign will be done well then it will improve the working efficiency of the campaign. The reason underlying the fact is that the project management strategies guide the project team in planning the whole work effectively and trying to accomplish the objectives of the campaign. Thus, for organising the campaign it is very necessary for the project manager and the team to effectively decide on all the steps effectively and try to accomplish the objectives of the campaign. With the help of the project management strategies the whole campaign is divided into smaller parts and it is much easier to accomplish smaller activities. Thus as a result of this, the overall aim of the project is achieved and ultimately it will improve the overall efficiency of the campaign and it will become successful.
In addition to this Unegbu, Yawas and Dan-Isabel, (2021) stated that for the management of political campaigns organised by all progressive parties in Nigeria, it is necessary that clear communication needs to be present between the project manager and the political leader. This is particularly necessary because when the communication between all the stakeholders and people interested in the project will not be effective then it will be impacting the overall working of the company. Hence, it is very necessary for the political parties they effectively organise and comply with the project management stages so that all work can be improved and objectives can be attained. Hence, for this, cordial relationship must be present between both the project management steps and the political campaign. Along with this when an effective relationship is present between both concepts then it will result in the timely attainment of the objectives of the project.
Moreover, with the evaluation of the secondary sources and other research it is clear that for the success of the political campaign along with project management, it is also very necessary that effective marketing is also implemented. The reason underlying the fact is that when the marketing is accomplished effectively then automatically improves the working capability of the people working on the project. When the effect of marketing strategies is used then automatically it will result in the success of the political campaign. This is particularly necessary because marketing helps in improving the efficiency of the campaign. After all, it will increase the overall working of the political campaign and it will result in the success of the campaign.
Further, it was evaluated that there needs to be proper evaluation and sharing of the information among the project members. This is particularly necessary because the whole success of the political campaign is dependent on the project management strategies only. If the project team does not work efficiently then it will affect the efficiency of the business. Hence ultimately it will result in the success of the political campaign and will help in attaining the objectives of the project. This is necessary for the reason that when effective project management strategies are used it will help the political work to be successful. This is particularly necessary because when the effect of project management strategies and information is shared among all the project members then it will provide clarity of the work system this clarity of work is very necessary as it will provide direction to the employees on how work needs to be conducted. Moreover when the work will not be effectively undertaken then the objectives of the political campaign will not be attained. Hence, it is very crucial for all progressive parties in Nigeria to effectively comply with all the project management strategies so that the objectives of the campaign can be easily and effectively attained.
Moreover, Another impact created by project management on the political campaign can also be negative. This is particularly because of the reason that when the strategies of the project management or not created effectively then it creates a negative impact on the successful completion of the political campaign. It is particularly because of the reason that when there is any discrepancy within the project management strategies it creates a negative impact on the working of the political campaign. For instance, there is an issue within the communication process of the project management. This communication will lead to in effective accomplishment of the political campaign. Thus, when the miscommunication takes place then automatically the political campaign will not be successful. Hence, it will be creating a negative impact on the performance of the whole project. Thus with the successful accomplishment of the political campaign, all the project management strategies must be followed in a proper and effective manual. This is particularly necessary because it guides the project team and all the other people managing the day's political campaign. In case these strategies and steps are not followed effectively then it will impact the overall completion of the project.
In support of this Snyder, (2019) stated that when a political campaign needs to be successful then all the project management strategies need to be followed effectively. These project management strategies lay the Foundation to the initiation of the project's political campaign. This is very necessary for the success of the political campaign. The reason underline the factors that when the project management strategies are used in similar manners then it will create a positive impact on the working of the political campaign it is very necessary for the success of the political campaign of all progressive parties all progressive party of Nigeria with all the project management strategies then the political campaigns organised by the party will get success. Thus, for the successful working of the political parties in Nigeria, it is very necessary that they effectively comply with all the different project management strategies. Along with this in case these project management strategies are not followed effectively then the outcome will be negative. This is particularly because of the reason that compliance with project management strategy will provide a base for decision-making. If the project management strategies are not followed effectively then the decision-making will not be effective. ultimately it will result in the political campaign not being success it will impact the working of the political party in a a negative manner. Thus, it is very necessary for all progressive parties and other parties in Nigeria they effectively comply with the different project management strategies so that all working of the parties can be improved.
With the evaluation, it is evident that project management and political campaigning go hand in hand. This is particularly because of the reason that project management is essential for the effective management of the political campaign being organised. Thus, some of the recommendations for improving the application of project management for the effective organisation of the political campaign include the following-
In the end it is concluded that project management is very necessary for this successful completion of any political can been. It is particularly because of the reason that project management includes step by step process through which any objective can be attained. Hence, it is very necessary for the political leaders that the effectively complaint with the different stages of project management so that the overall working can be done effectively. With the help of the above study it was analyse that setting up the aim and objective is very beneficial for the success of the research. This is particularly because of the reason that is setting up a famine objective provides a direction to the researcher that how they have to conduct the study. In addition to this it provided the overview of the project management and its relationship with the political campaign. Further the literature review evaluated that implementation of the project management stages is very helpful for the person to conduct and the political campaign successfully. It also highlighted that for the successful implementation of project management there are different benefits like successful completion of the projector harmony within the work and many other different kind of benefits. In addition to the sun the research methodology section outline to that the use of qualitative study was beneficial because the topic of the study was totally based on qualitative analysis. Along with this it was highlighted that thematic analysis was helpful in forming theme and conducting the study over it. Moreover with the help of data analysis section it was outlined that both project management and political campaign goes hand in hand. Hence, it is very necessary to work in coordination. Moreover it was evaluated that in case there will be issue in any one of them then it will impact the other as well. Moreover the data analysis evaluated that there is a cordial relationship present between the project management and political campaign. Further it was evaluated that for the successful completion of the political campaign it is very necessary that all the project management stages from initiation to control our effectively implemented. Moreover there is a cordial relationship present between both project management and the political campaign. In addition to this, data analysis section outlined that for the success of the political campaign it is necessary that effective compliance is made with the project management Strategies and stages. It is particularly because of the reason that when the Strategies and stages will be followed effectively then automatically it will result in increase in working efficiency of team political campaign. Further, the data analysis section also outlined that a positive impact is created on the political campaign with help of project management. This is particularly because of the reason that when the effective project management strategies are implemented then automatically the political campaigning gets successful. It is because of the reason that the political campaign includes organising and event and for this effective project management needs to be implemented. Thus as a result of this overall working efficiency is improved and it results in better working and optimum attainment of the objectives. Moreover with help of the effective project management strategies the resources are also optimally used. The reason underlying the fact is that when the structure is followed then automatically the resources are optimally allocated and this results in better and effective working efficiency. In the end it is concluded that project management is very necessary for the successful completion of the political campaign. Thus, it is very necessary for the political parties to effectively implement the project management strategies so that the overall working and the objectives of the campaign can be attained well.
References
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