IF3050QA Critical Thinking CW2 Assignment Sample

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ASSIGNMENT 1

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Topic: “Characterizing COVID-19 transmission: incubation period, reproduction rate, and multiple-generation.” Zhang et al. (2021)

Summarizing argument by supporting with statistical evidence from the article

The writers of the present study examined important factors connected with the virus's dissemination in an effort to improve our knowledge of COVID-19 dissemination. The incubation time, transmission rates as well as chain structure are all examined in this work. The authors discovered that the duration of incubation, with an average of 7.83 days, follows a distribution determined by Weibull. According to the findings, a noteworthy percentage of cases (12.5%) demonstrate an incubation time longer than 14 days, underscoring the need of extended quarantines. The scope of interpersonal incidents and their significance for transfer are also explored in this study. This scale is defined by a log-normal distribution, which emphasizes the possibility of super-spreading incidents in bigger assemblies (Zhang, et. al. 2021). Additionally, the study looks at transfer rates, which decrease nonlinearly as the size of proximity episodes increases. Reducing transmission rates which require precautions like keeping social distance. According to the information, the study suggests that strict preventive measures are essential for managing the global epidemic.

Evaluate the strength and weaknesses of the writer’s argument. Provide your position with reasons

The author provides substantial insight into the processes of COVID-19 transmission by the study of the virus's incubation time and its implications of immediate interaction events. They provide a good case for improved containment measures by stressing the need of extending confinement durations beyond 14 days in light of the reported period of incubation dispersion. Furthermore, the identification in the log-normal distribution for close proximity event levels emphasizes the importance of social distance and mask-wearing by exposing the possibility for super-spreading occurrences (Zhang, et. al, 2021). Nonetheless, the data analysis is limited to mainland China instances starting in early 2020; consequently it could fail to accurately represent the state of affairs worldwide. COVID-19 shifts and evolving behavior may have an impact on the kinetics of dissemination. Furthermore, although the study stresses the need of limiting the rate of reproduction (R), it offers no concrete plan for doing so other than the standard recommendation to avoid social situations and wear masks.

ASSIGNMENT 2

Task A: Write a summary of Source 1.

The Labor Force Survey (LFS) most widely used data source over non-fatal injuries from work in the US, offers helpful information into related to work harm in the human health as well as social service tasks sector. According to the most current projections, 82,000 non-fatal related to work accidents were documented in this industry. The fact that 36% of these cases led to absences that lasted over three days and 30% in absences that lasted seven days or more shows the severe effect on worker well-being and productivity. About 1.9% of employees in the human well-being and job duties industry had injuries at work. It demonstrates that the industry's injury rate is comparable to the national average, despite the particular difficulties and dangers involved in giving healthcare as well as social services (Baker, 2019). These results highlight the need for sustaining workplace security and accident prevention measures, especially in sectors including human wellness and interpersonal job duties that are important to community.

Task B: Construct your own argument of a topic taken from the given source

• Data Source and Reliability: The data under review is based on the overall incidence of chronic illnesses, particularly asthma, dementia, vascular dementia, hypertension as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The information was collected across various sub-regions in England. Although the origin of the information isn't stated clearly, surveys or medical documents appear to be the likely source. This information may be regarded as having a reasonable level of credibility because it most likely originates from surveys and certified health records. One can think about carrying out an in-depth investigation with a bigger sample size or employing a variety of sources of information for cross-validations with the goal to collect more trustworthy data.
• Regions with the Highest Rates: With rates of prevalence that vary from 2.5% to 2.9%, North East the United Kingdom, Merseyside as well as Cheshire, South and Western Yorkshire, and the Greater Manchester area are areas with the greatest incidence of COPD. With an incidence of 6.79%, Cumbria & Cumberland and the county of Dorset Devon & Cornish have the highest rates of asthma. The frequencies of these diseases are comparatively high in certain places.
• Regions with the Lowest Rates: Considering rates of prevalence that vary from 1.1% to 1.3%, Surrey & the state of Hampshire, London Inner South, Berkshire, Oxford and the Bucks, Europe Outer North, along with Inner London have the lowest rates of COPD (Baker, 2019). The lowest incidences of asthma, which vary from 4.3% to 5.7%, are found in Kent & Sussex, along with Berkshire County, Oxfordshire and Bucks, London Outer the south, London Outer North, among Inner London.
• Comparison with Other Sources: This data should be contrasted with data from different sources, including national health statistics as well as study results, to determine its reliability and confidence. The data gains credibility if these results correspond with those of other reliable sources. If discrepancies are found, more research is necessary to comprehend the variations. Differences in definitions, sample sizes, or methods for gathering information might be the cause of discrepancies.
• Trends in Previous Years: Identifying any variations in illness prevalence throughout the years would require historical data. It's critical to find out if the prevalence of asthma and COPD in these areas has changed over time. A rise in prevalence may be caused by a number of things, such as improved diagnosis and reporting, environmental variables, or changing in the demographics of the community.
• Causes of COPD vs. Asthma and the North-South Divide: Both COPD and asthma possess distinct reasons. Continuous exposition to lung pollutants, including smoking or pollution from the environment, is frequently linked to COPD. On the contrary hand, environmental triggers and variations in genes play a major role in the development of asthma. The North of England may have a greater incidence of COPD due to a concentration of industrial districts with a history of air pollution, such as coal mines and heavy manufacturing, which might have exposed people to dangerous lung irritants for prolonged stretches of time (Baker, 2019). It is important to take into account additional variables such as socioeconomic standing, healthcare accessibility, and choice of lifestyle.

Addressing the North-South Divide

• Launch public health campaigns with an emphasis on quitting smoking, improved air quality, and early identification and treatment of respiratory conditions in high-prevalence regions.
• Provide better access to healthcare through the expansion of clinics and the availability of experts, particularly in regions with higher illness prevalence.
• Establish strict environmental regulations in order to lessen pollution in the air, which is a proven risk factor underlying COPD.

References

Books and Journals

• Baker, C., 2019. Health inequalities: Income deprivation and north/south divides. House of Commons Library, 22.
• Zhang, L., Zhu, J., Wang, X., Yang, J., Liu, X.F. and Xu, X.K., 2021. Characterizing COVID-19 transmission: incubation period, reproduction rate, and multiple-generation spreading. Frontiers in Physics, 8, p.589963.