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Pulmonary rehabilitation is an important part of “Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)” treatment and improves the quality of life. COPD, characterised by a progressive decline in airflow and debilitating symptoms, severely impacts health, and quality of life. This study aims to determine if pulmonary rehabilitation regimens improve the quality of life for COPD patients. Due to its complexity, COPD requires thorough physical, psychological, and social treatment (Dong et al. 2020). Pulmonary rehabilitation regimens include fitness training, education, and psychological assistance to address COPD's many problems. Patients who participate in structured physical activity and understand their medical condition often see improvements in exercise capacity, dyspnoea, and self-confidence (Priego-Jiménez et al. 2022). This study analyses clinical trials and patient-reported measures to determine how pulmonary rehabilitation affects the health and quality of life of COPD patients. Healthcare practitioners and policymakers need to comprehend the impact of this intervention to improve the management of this persistent condition and improve patient outcomes and satisfaction (Yang et al. 2019).
GOLD works to raise awareness of COPD and improve its prevention and treatment, working with healthcare professionals and public health officials all over the world (GOLD COPD, 2023a). GOLD aims at improving the lives of people with COPD in every corner of the world, by developing evidence-based strategy documents for managing both COPD and other conditions like the yearly World COPD Day and the Annual International COPD Conference. Based on the best available scientific information, a GOLD Strategy Document for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COPD is developed for healthcare professionals in conjunction with relevant pocket guides (Çilekar et al. 2019). The implementation of effective governance programmes based on Localised Health Systems around the world is facilitated through a Global Evidence-based Document. The GOLD report is updated annually by the GOLD Scientific Committee based on a standard scientific review procedure that takes place every two years (GOLD COPD, 2023b).
The GOLD guidelines state that pulmonary rehabilitation is a comprehensive exercise based on the examination of patients, with each patient being individually assessed. In order to elicit behavioural changes for improving the management of chronic respiratory disease, it shall include education, exercise training and self-managing (Rochester and Holland, 2020). For patients who have been treated for an exacerbation of four weeks or fewer from the preceding hospitalisation, pulmonary rehabilitation also reduced their length of stay.
Thus, the present corpus of evidence must be properly analysed and integrated with clinical trials and patient-reported outcomes to determine if these therapies improve patients' quality of life. The research presented here helps healthcare providers and policymakers improve COPD therapy regimens. Improving the well-being of COPD patients is not only clinically significant, but it also affects patient satisfaction and healthcare budget allocation (Aldhahir et al. 2021). Thus, this investigation is justified to influence evidence-based practice and policy-making to improve COPD patient outcomes and quality of life.
Literature Review
Various researchers engaged in the research to identify the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). The potential of PR to improve the quality of life of COPD patients is justified by the urgent need to treat the disease's severe effects (Lee et al. 2021). COPD is common and debilitating, lowering quality of life (Lim et al. 2019). People often feel dyspnoea, diminished physical endurance, and impaired function. These physical limits cause psychological pain and social isolation, lowering the quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation has become a popular and comprehensive COPD treatment (Arnold et al. 2020). This study is essential to understanding the intervention's efficacy (Marc et al. 2020). In order to address COPD's many effects, pulmonary rehabilitation combines fitness training, education, and psychology.
Aim of the Review
The systematic review is to focus on how pulmonary rehabilitation improves COPD patients' quality of life and to:
Formulating the question
In this research, the systematic review has been developed by using the “PEO framework (Population, Exposure, and Outcome)” in order to explore the selection of keywords for the review of the research question: “How effective is pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the quality of life among COPD patients?” According to Aboagye et al. (2021), the PEO framework is effective for prognostic studies. Therefore, this framework has helped the researcher to find and develop relevant phrases for search while conducting a literature review.
The literature review is the most important part of the research because it assists in getting detailed information or data about the core components and a proper and appropriate understanding of the research topic can be gathered. Additionally, this literature review aims to investigate the efficiencies of PR in improving the quality of life for COPD patients. Based on focusing on current studies and evidence, we will explore the multifaceted advantages of PR, involving enhanced physical function, decreased anxiety, and depression, and improved social support, all contributing to a better standard of life for people living with COPD. The gap in the literature review is mentioned for understanding the factors that cannot be provided in the research.
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a multifaceted and evidence-based method or approach to maintaining chronic respiratory situations, with the main goal of improving a patient’s exercise capacity and overall functional capabilities. Additionally, Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs are also tailored to embrace the physical limitations and symptoms that individuals with conditions such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) experience (Nopp et al., 2022). Along with that, these programs have consistently established their efficiencies in enhancing exercise capacity and functional outcomes, importantly affecting the lives of patients. This discussion will explore the several elements and mechanisms through which Pulmonary rehabilitation gains these improvements, supported by evidence from current studies.
Exercise training - Exercise training is at the core component or at the heart of Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). This element includes a wide range of activities including aerobic exercise, strength training, and flexibility exercise, all tailored to the special demands and restrictions of each patient. Additionally, the main aim of this exercise is to improve exercise capacity, allowing patients to perform regular activities with less effort and discomfort (Yu et al., 2019). Aerobic exercise, specifically, plays an important role in boosting exercise capacity. It improves cardiovascular fitness and desire for breathlessness, allowing patients to be involved in physical tasks with less exertion. Additionally, this exercise enhances the effectiveness of oxygen transport in the body.
Muscle strength and endurance: Empowering patient- COPD often results in muscle weakness due to decreased physical tasks and systemic inflammation. Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) programs involve strength training exercises to address these issues, directing to boost muscle strength and endurance (Gloeckl et al., 2021). Additionally, strengthening the respiratory muscles and peripheral muscles not only improves functional performance but also decreases the sense of fatigue and breathlessness during regular activity.
Breathing techniques and education: Improving self-management- Pulmonary rehabilitation also involves educational elements focusing on breathing techniques and disease management. Additionally, patients are taught how to maximize their breathing and enhance oxygen exchange. Along with that, this not only improves patients’ capability to be involved in physical tasks with less discomfort (Vaes et al., 2019).
Psychological support: The impact on psychological well-being- Psychological well-being or health is closely connected to exercise capacity and overall function. Along with that, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients often experience anxiety, depression, stress, and societal isolation due to their condition. Additionally, PR programs also provide a protective or supportive environment, encouraging peer interactions and psychological support. This disposal of anxiety and stress symptoms indirectly contributes to an enhanced quality of life, which, positively affects exercise capacity and functional capabilities.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a highly effective intervention in improving exercise capacity and function among COPD patients. Additionally, this combination of exercise training, muscle strengthening, education, and psychological support works synergistically to enhance the patient’s physical capabilities and overall health (Chen et al., 2022). Along with that, it is crucial for healthcare providers and policymakers to acknowledge the importance of PR in monitoring chronic respiratory conditions and to ensure its flexibility and availability to those in demand.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a complex program designed to enhance the overall health and quality of life for people with chronic respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and interstitial lung diseases. Additionally, two of the most common and distressing symptoms in these patients are dyspnea (shortness of breath) and fatigue (Ahmed et al., 2022). Along with that, this section will explore the impacts of pulmonary rehabilitation on the management of dyspnea and fatigue, mainly highlighting the advantages and strategies employed in many programs.
Improve exercise tolerance- Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs are mainly focused on improving exercise tolerance through structured physical tasks. Additionally, the patients are also involved in exercise that constantly increases their endurance, outcome in better management of dyspnea during regular activities (Saetan et al., 2020).
Breathing techniques- One of the other impacts of pulmonary rehabilitation on dyspnea management is breathing techniques. Participants learn several breathing techniques, involving purse-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing. Additionally, this approach can also assist people to manage their breathlessness during activities and decrease the sensation of dyspnea.
Psychological support- Dyspnea can also often be deepened by anxiety and fear. Additionally, pulmonary rehabilitation programs often incorporate psychological support and coping strategies to assist patients in controlling the emotional aspects of dyspnea, directing or operating to decrease the perception of breathlessness (Kalantari et al., 2021).
Education- Understanding one’s condition or situation and learning to acknowledge early warning signs can also empower people to take supportive or protective measures to monitor their dyspnea efficiently. Additionally, pulmonary rehabilitation also provides important education in this regard.
Energy conservation strategies- Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs also teach patients how to preserve or conserve energy during regular tasks or activities. This also involves strategies such as progressing oneself, prioritizing activities, and optimizing unnecessary physical effort, which can also assist in combatting fatigue (Van Herck et al., 2019).
Strengthen and endurance training- Muscle weakness and deconditioning also contribute or offer to fatigue in people with chronic respiratory conditions. Furthermore, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) incorporates strength and tolerance training to enhance physical fitness, decreasing fatigue levels.
Nutritional guidance- Proper nutrition is essential in managing fatigue. Rehabilitation programs often involve nutritional counseling to ensure patients are well-nourished and have the energy needed for their daily activities.
Sleep management- Fatigue is frequently exacerbated by poor sleep patterns. Additionally, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may also embrace sleep disorders and provide guidance on enhancing sleep hygiene, which can importantly effects fatigue management (Moazeni et al., 2022).
PR plays an essential role in improving the lives of people with chronic respiratory conditions by embracing the debilitating symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, Based on focusing on exercise, breathing techniques, and other programs offers a holistic approach to symptom management. The advantages of pulmonary rehabilitation also extend beyond the physical aspects, as they empower patients to manage their condition, directing them to an enhanced standard of life (Machado et al., 2021). Additionally, the effects of PR on dyspnea and fatigue management are multi-faceted, and the combination of physical, psychological, and educational strategies can importantly enhance the lives of people living with chronic respiratory conditions.
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an integral element of the management and care for people with chronic respiratory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additionally, while the main goal of PR is to enhance respiratory function and physical fitness, it also has an important effect on psychological well-being, involving anxiety, stress, and depression. In this section, we will assess the impacts of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on psychological well-being, mainly focusing on anxiety and depression (Alqahtani et al., 2022). Along with that, Pulmonary rehabilitation programs systematically consist of a multidisciplinary approach that involves exercise training, education, and psychological support. These all elements collectively contribute to enhancements in patients’ psychological health. Here is the evaluation of these aspects.
Anxiety reduction- One of the key benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is the reduction in anxiety levels among participants. Additionally, Chronic respiratory conditions are often direct or indirect to a sense of breathlessness and anxiety of exacerbations. Through supervised exercise sessions and education on breath management techniques, patients learn to monitor their symptoms more effectively (Wrzeciono et al., 2021). Along with that, the results, their anxiety levels reduce imrpoantly. These studies have also shown that stress and anxiety scores tend to drop after participating in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), directing, or operating to enhance overall mental health.
Depression alleviation- Pulmonary rehabilitation has a positive effect on depression. Many people with Chronic respiratory conditions experience depression, and stress due to the limitations of these conditions' demands on their regular lives (Yohannes et al., 2021). Based on incorporating exercise, which liberates endorphins enhances mood, and provides psychological support through counseling or community, pulmonary rehabilitation assists in relieving depression symptoms. Patients often report feeling more motivated, involved, and less anxious about their condition after participating in these programs.
Quality of life improvement- Psychological well-being is intently tied to the overall standard of life. Additionally, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) also contributes importantly to improving patients’ quality of life by boosting their functional capacity. As patients become physically active and less dependent on others, their self-esteem and insights into managing their lives are enhanced. These positive changes can have a lasting effect on mental health.
Adherence and long-term benefits- The advantages of pulmonary rehabilitation extend beyond the program’s duration. Furthermore, patients who complete pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) are most likely to constantly exercise and manage a healthy lifestyle. Along with that, this long-term compliance to exercise routines assists in sustaining the psychological benefits, decreasing anxiety, and preventing stress and depression relapses.
Individual differences- It is crucial to recognize that the impacts of pulmonary rehabilitation on psychological well-being may differ from person to person (Rutkowski et al., 2021). The strictness of the respiratory condition, personal coping mechanisms, and all steps of support from healthcare providers and family can affect the results. Some people may experience more important improvements in psychological well-being than others.
Pulmonary rehabilitation also plays an important role in improving psychological well-being, specifically in decreasing anxiety and depression among people with chronic respiratory conditions. Additionally, the multidisciplinary method, involving exercise, education, and psychological support, assists patients in achieving more in managing their condition and improving their overall quality of life (Holland and Cox, 2021). Moreover, healthcare providers should constantly promote and prescribe pulmonary rehabilitation as a part of complex care for people with chronic respiratory conditions.
Pulmonary rehabilitation education is an essential element of the comprehensive care and management of people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It aims to empower patients with the knowledge and skills required for self-management, which is important in enhancing their quality of life and decreasing healthcare resource usage. Here we explore the impacts of pulmonary rehabilitation education on COPD knowledge and self-management (Janssen et al., 2021).
Enhanced COPD knowledge - Pulmonary rehabilitation programs offer structured education on COPD, its pathophysiology, symptom management, and treatment options. Additionally, these educational sessions empower patients with a product understanding of their condition. Patients become more knowledgeable about the significance of compelling to prescribed medications, acknowledging early signs of exacerbations, and understanding the role of quality of lifestyle factors like smoking cessation and exercise in monitoring their condition.
Improved self-management skills- One of the fundamental objectives of pulmonary rehabilitation education is to prepare patients with self-management skills (Huang et al., 2021). Furthermore, these invoices teach patients how to acknowledge weakening symptoms, commence appropriate or proper self-care, and when required, look for timely medical intervention. Additionally, patients learn strategies for monitoring breathlessness, techniques, for efficient airway clearance, and how to apply inhalers or other medications correctly. Moreover, such skills are invaluable in assisting patients to achieve a sense of management over their condition.
Increased adherence to treatment plans- Education also provided during pulmonary rehabilitation fosters patients to comply with their COPD treatment plans. When people understand the rationale behind medication administration and other interventions, they are most likely to follow these plans actively. Additionally, improved compliance with treatments can direct or operate to better symptom management and decrease disease progression (Blackstock, F.C. and Evans, 2019).
Enhanced lifestyle modification- Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) education also emphasizes lifestyle modification including smoking cessation and physical activity. Patients are also informed about the harmful or detrimental impacts of smoking on CPD and are also supplied with resources and strategies for abandoning. Additionally, supervised exercise training is a main element of pulmonary rehabilitation, assisting patients in incorporating physical activity into their regular lives. These lifestyle changes contribute to the overall self-management of the disease (Chang and Dai, 2019).
Psychological benefits - Educational in PR, extends beyond the psychical aspects of COPD. It also embraces the psychological effect of the condition as well. Additionally, patients learn coping strategies for monitoring anxiety, stress, and depression that can often go along with COPD. This holistic method of self-management is most important for embracing both the physical and emotional health of patients.
Resource reduction- An important result of improved COPD knowledge and self-management is any diminution in healthcare resource application. Patients who can effectively manage their condition or situation are less likely to experience condition dipping that needs hospitalization or emergency department visits (Hu et al., 2022). Along with that, this not only lowers healthcare prices but also improves patients’ quality of life by decreasing the disruptions caused by intense exacerbations.
Articles and journals are gathered as per the core factors to analyze the internal factors properly and effectively and it is the most important for increasing the quality of the research. More research is required to explore the long-term impacts of pulmonary rehabilitation. While many studies also established instant and short-term benefits, there is a relative scarcity of information on the sustainability of these enhancements over several years. Additionally, there is a requirement for research that explores the individual factors affecting the efficiencies of pulmonary rehabilitation. The research can be more effective with the assistance of more accurate or authentic information but the limited articles are efficient for the research quality maintenance.
The discussion of the literature review is the most important for determining or identifying the primary factors of the research and it is needed for collecting information for fulfilling the objectives of the research. This section provides a complex review of the existing literature, suggesting various key findings that emphasize the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on COPD patients’ quality of life. Additionally, the literature consistently establishes that pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes in improved physical function are boosting muscular strength and flexibility. This operates to decrease limitations in regular tasks, prompting independence and an enhanced sense of physical well-being. The gaps in mainly analyzing factors are mentioned and all the discussion is useful or beneficial for the research because it can provide authentic and effective data for getting the desired outcome.
Aim
The aim of the study is to focus on how pulmonary rehabilitation improves COPD patients' quality of life.
Objectives
The research has been conducted considering a mixed method which employs both quantitative and qualitative information gathering and analysis methodologies in a single research. Researchers use this method to acquire a more thorough grasp of a study topic. Data is acquired in mixed methods research using experiments, surveys, or other quantitative approaches, as well as observations, interviews, or content analysis, which are qualitative methods (Stern et al. 2021). The two forms of data are combined to create a more complete picture of the study issue. When opposed to employing only one research technique, this methodology allows researchers to triangulate data and provide more robust, nuanced insights (Hong et al. 2019). In this research, the mixed method has been applied to do the systematic literature review (SLR). Therefore, A mixed method SLR has been conducted in this research.
The Mixed Methods SLR gives a fuller and more complex view of the study issue, including both quantitative data and qualitative knowledge, deepening comprehension (Luca et al. 2022). In order to establish a clear research topic and create a review methodology, see research Topic and Methodology. Define the criteria for including and excluding articles, search techniques, and databases. The Quantitative and Qualitative Phases have been performed through Database search, screening, data extraction, and synthesis separately. Data has been integrated by comparing and contrasting the quantitative and qualitative stages' outcomes. Recognise divergent, convergent, or complementary findings to gain a comprehensive picture of the research issue. Therefore, is suitable to choose the mixed method to conduct the SLR in order to investigate the effectiveness of PR in improving the quality of life of COPD patients.
Creating a thorough search strategy is an essential step in performing a systematic literature review. The SLR was created using Wakefield's (2015) seven-step approach. Table 3.1 depicts these seven processes.
|
Step 1 |
Make a research question. |
|
Step 2 |
Developing search phrases for use in literature searches. |
|
Step 3 |
Creating eligibility criteria |
|
Step 4 |
Databases that are relevant to the research. |
|
Step 5 |
Searching for the literature with a global viewpoint. |
|
Step 6 |
Analysing, synthesising, and criticising research. |
|
Step 7 |
Display the results. |
It is crucial to express the study topic or objectives clearly. This will serve as a guide for the search phrases and criteria. The term “relevant database” refers to the databases that are probably to include relevant material. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and subject-specific databases are popular options.
Database table
|
Databases |
Search terms |
“Number of studies identified” |
“Number of studies excluded” |
“Selected studies for more elaboration” |
“Limit to the number of years and language” |
Date assessed |
|
PubMed |
“The importance of pulmonary rehabilitation” “Which factors influence COPD” “Effectiveness of Pulmonary rehabilitation among COPD patients” “The importance of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the quality of life among COPD patients” |
80 |
75 |
5 |
Up to six years, from 2018 to 2023, English Language. |
10th November 2023 to 25th November 2023 |
|
Google Scholar |
“What is pulmonary rehabilitation” “The reason for developing COPD” “The importance of pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients” “Effectiveness of Pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the quality of life among COPD patients” |
90 |
86 |
4 |
Up to six years, from 2018 to 2023, English Language. |
10th November 2023 to 25th November 2023 |
|
Website |
“Pulmonary rehabilitation” “COPD patients” "Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation" “Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the quality of life”. |
30 |
29 |
1 |
Up to six years, from 2018 to 2023, English Language. |
10th November 2023 to 25th November 2023 |
Keywords
A list of keywords and phrases have been listed that are pertinent to the study issue. Synonyms and variants should be included. A Boolean operator (AND, OR, NOT) is utilised to combine and filter the search phrases in order to construct the keywords search (Banal et al. 2021). In this research, the Boolean operator has been considered and shown in Table 3.3.
|
Factors |
AND |
OR |
|
“Pulmonary rehabilitation” |
“What is pulmonary rehabilitation” |
“The importance of pulmonary rehabilitation” |
|
“COPD patients” |
“The reason for developing COPD” |
“Which factors influence COPD” |
|
"Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation" |
“The importance of pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients” |
“Effectiveness of Pulmonary rehabilitation among COPD patients” |
|
“Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the quality of life” |
“Effectiveness of Pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the quality of life among COPD patients” |
“The importance of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the quality of life among COPD patients” |
In order to limit the search, variables such as publication language, date range, and research kind were used, and the reference lists of pertinent papers were evaluated to locate additional sources. All methods of searching have been documented, including search words, number of results, and date of search. Papers from the previous 5 years are chosen in the study to acquire relevant and current papers and journals, which implies articles from 2018 to the present year are chosen. Only articles published in the English language have been included in the research. An initial search was run, and the relevancy of the results was assessed. The search technique has been refined as required, then repeat until you've found the most relevant material.
PEO Framework
|
Population |
Exposure |
Outcomes |
|
|
Index terms |
COPD patients |
Pulmonary rehabilitation |
Capacity and function of PR/ dyspnoea and fatigue management in PR/psychological well-being/COPD knowledge and self-management. |
(Source: Self-developed)
In order to offer a transparent explanation of the search strategy in the methodology portion of the evaluation, including keywords, databases, and filters employed. It is critical to follow a well-documented and methodical search approach to guarantee that your literature review is thorough and reproducible.
Systematic reviews are a thorough approach to examining and integrating current research material in order to answer a specific research issue or situation. They adhere to an organised and open procedure in order to eliminate bias and give an impartial summary of the available evidence. Systematic reviews require searching several databases of literature for relevant research (McKeown and Mir, 2021). Therefore, the search findings were transferred to “EndNote management software” before being transferred to Rayyan software after repetitions were deleted (Harrison et al. 2020). To guarantee the method's openness and repeatability, two individuals independently assessed the abstracts and titles against the eligibility requirements. Full document blind screening comprised 200 papers, and disagreements were addressed by discussion and consensus. The SLR includes ten papers after the screening. Rayyan was employed to upload full-text copies of articles that met the criteria for assessment and further screening. SLR is widely used to guide clinical choices in medical care, however, they are also useful in other sectors. They are an important instrument for rational choices and policy formulation since they give a high degree of evidence. The SRL has been performed considering the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA)”
In order to perform the quality appraisal of the SLR, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist has been considered to explore methodological quality, relevance, trustworthiness, and findings. According to Khalil et al. (2020), the usage of checklists may help researchers follow a writing plan by defining sequential tasks that must be completed during a review of the scope. As it permitted participants to submit free language, qualitative information gave useful insight into the benefits and drawbacks of the JBI technique. The JBI critical evaluation checklist for qualitative research includes ten questions [Refer to Appendix 1], that were replied with a ‘yes,’ ‘no,’ ‘unclear,’ or ‘not relevant’. Each ‘yes’ response earns a score of one, while each 'no,' 'not relevant' or 'unclear,' answer gets a value of zero. For quality evaluation, a total value was computed and the findings were summarized. Articles having a high score were thought to have low or zero bias, implying a strong quality of methodology.
In order to extract data and analyse them Thematic analysis has been considered here. Thematic analysis is a qualitative research approach for identifying, analysing, and reporting themes or patterns in data sources such as text materials or interview transcripts (Braun and Clarke, 2019). It entails dividing up the data in order to find repeating themes, which allows academics to get insights into the true significance and importance of the information. Thematic analysis of SLR data entails discovering and evaluating reoccurring themes or patterns in the information (Byrne, 2022). A table in Excel was employed to extract important information from the included research studies. The components included in the information extraction table including year, author, study purpose, findings, and quality assessment were considered. In order to perform the thematic analysis, six steps provided by Braun and Clarkes (2006) were considered.
The researcher focuses on all ethical considerations of doing SLR. For example, respecting intellectual property and copyright regulations, protecting the confidentiality of information, and securing relevant licenses for utilising private databases are all ethical issues for an SLR in the United Kingdom. SLRs that depend simply on public data are often exempt from ethical review.
It has been found that patients with COPD can significantly improve their quality of life with pulmonary rehabilitation. It improves total health and well-being by addressing multiple components of the disease, including exercise ability, psychological well-being, and symptom management. Patients' quality of life generally improves significantly and continues to improve when they take part in these programs. Personalized, supervised exercise regimens that improve physical stamina, strength, and general fitness are part of pulmonary rehabilitation. Better mobility and less dyspnea result from this. Patients are taught a variety of symptom management measures for COPD, such as correct inhaler usage, breathing exercises, and lifestyle modifications (Buekers et al., 2021). These abilities help with better symptom management and less anxiety associated with dyspnea. Patients with COPD frequently experience a reduced quality of life as a result of their inability to carry out regular tasks. Patients benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation by regaining their self-assurance and independence, which enhances their quality of life overall. Research has indicated that pulmonary rehabilitation helps reduce hospital admissions and rehospitalizations among people with COPD (Rochester and Holland, 2020). This improves the patient's general health and lowers healthcare expenses. Pulmonary rehabilitation offers a support system that addresses psychological well-being, as COPD may be an emotionally difficult condition. Patients are better able to manage their disease as a result of its reduction of anxiety and depression.
|
Inclusion Criteria |
Exclusion Criteria |
|
Existing “resources published between 2019-2023.” |
Available resources released prior to 2019. |
|
Every piece of published literature has undergone peer review or primary research. |
Not all published works have undergone peer review. |
|
Every piece of literature that has been published so far in English |
Everything that has been published so far that is not in English |
|
PDF with full text is accessible. |
There is no full-text PDF available. |
|
Literature that has already been published and includes the names of the authors. |
The names and publication years of the authors are absent from existing literature. |
(Source: Created by learner)
A qualitative research design with random samples was used by Mendes Xavier et al. (2022) to evaluate the effects of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on dyspnea, exercise capacity, quality of life, and the disease's impact. They collected data through thematic analysis using databases from the Cochrane Library and Virtual Health Library. In their quantitative study, Rochester and Holland (2020) used descriptive analysis to look at the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on survival over a 90-day period in a large sample of 2721 patients. Liu et al. (2019) studied 44 patients quantitatively, concentrating on gait traits. They used SPSS for analysis to gather data via health tests and reports. Li et al. (2022) conducted a qualitative study to look at risk factors for COPD patients receiving osteoporosis treatment utilizing random sampling and thematic analysis. In Aldhahir et al. (2020) studies 917 participants for quantitative research, Buekers et al. (2021) studies 183 patients for quantitative approach. In case of rest, maximum studies have been obtained based on either qualitative or mixed methods.
Thematic analysis is a popular technique for data synthesis, and the quality of the research in this systematic literature review (SLR) is generally strong. Eight or nine out of ten excellent quality scores were given to the bulk of the ten reviewed articles. This suggests that the investigations followed sound methodology and were well-conducted. A methodical technique that aids in locating and combining important themes from many studies is thematic analysis. This SLR's overall strength and credibility are enhanced by the utilization of both qualitative and quantitative research designs, which provide a thorough investigation of the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on COPD patients.
Patients with lung diseases have to face issues in maintaining breathing functions and proper treatment must be maintained by patients to develop their health condition. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective medical process that is useful for minimizing lung issues and it is important for developing the health condition of patients. Lung plays an important role in exercise and issues in lung function can cause difficulties in health conditions and exercise maintenance (Mendes Xavier et al. 2022). Pulmonary rehabilitation helps to improve the lung condition and patients can be able to maintain lung functions properly and effectively. Exercise capacity is dependent on the condition of lungs and pulmonary rehabilitation is helpful in increasing the capacity of patients and they can improve their ability to maintain a healthy life. The development of lung conditions can be done with the help of pulmonary rehabilitation and it is known that lung exercise is effective for developing the health condition (Rochester and Holland, 2020). Proper medical treatment should be provided to lung patients and sometimes lung exercise is important for developing the lung condition and pulmonary rehabilitation is effective in maintaining these factors.
Patients feel tired and face issues in breathing due to dyspnea and fatigue and these issues should be minimized for developing the health condition of patients and it is important for COPD patients. Pulmonary rehabilitation is helpful for these patients because it is effective in minimizing lung issues and they can maintain a healthy life (Liu et al. 2019). Tiredness and breathing issues can cause major challenges for patients because breathing issues are harmful and proper lung treatment is effective for improving the lung condition and dyspnea and fatigue can be controlled properly and effectively. Pulmonary rehabilitation is effective in providing medical treatment to lung patients as per their health condition and it is important for COPD patients because most lung issues can be seen among COPD patients (Li et al. 2022). Breathing issues can cause major health issues and pulmonary rehabilitation is beneficial for minimizing lung problems and patients can minimize their health issues. Proper treatment can be beneficial for developing the lung condition and pulmonary rehabilitation is effective for minimizing the health issues.
COPD is very effective for patients because they have to face issues in maintaining breathing activities and pulmonary rehabilitation is helpful in maintaining medical programs for COPD patients. Proper knowledge about COPD issues and self-management is required for developing the health condition and the issues in breathing and other lung issues can be minimized by using pulmonary rehabilitation (Aldhahir et al. 2020). Every important factor such as breathing, lung functions, capacity of exercise, and others should be maintained properly because it is important for developing the health condition of patients. The main cause of COPD is improper lifestyle and to control this issue patients should improve their lifestyles such as smoking, consumption of drugs, and others should be minimized by patients. Proper self-management is helpful for minimizing the issues and proper implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation can be done with the help of self-control (Ammous et al. 2023). Smoking and drug consumption can cause COPD and it should be controlled for developing the health condition of patients.
Patients have to face issues in maintaining their mental condition because their lifestyle has changed and it reflects an impact on the psychological well-being of patients. COPD can be mainly caused by smoking and drug consumption and pulmonary rehabilitation helps to minimize the COPD issues and mental conditions can be affected (Lewi?ska and Shahnazaryan, 2020). Patients can increase their duration of exercise and it is important for developing the lung condition and their health can be improved. Physical and mental condition patients can be improved by exercise and for that, it should be maintained properly. Pulmonary rehabilitation provides medical facilities to lung patients and it can affect their medical condition and it can be improved by developing exercise factors (Buekers et al. 2021). Proper maintenance of the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on mental conditions should be done because it is required for developing the health condition of the patients.
|
Authors’ name |
Title |
Aim |
Research Design |
Participants/ Sampling |
Data Collection Method |
Data Analysis Approach |
Findings |
Strength and Limitations |
Quality Appraisal |
|
Mendes Xavier et al. (2022) |
“Effects of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Dyspnea, Exercise Capacity, Quality of Life and Impact of the Disease in COPD Patients: A Systematic Review” |
The aim of the research is to analyze the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on COPD patients |
Qualitative research |
Random sampling |
Cochrane Library and Virtual Health Library databases are used for data collection |
Thematic Analysis is used |
The study discovered that patients with COPD benefit from home-based pulmonary rehabilitation. Improvements in dyspnea (breathlessness), ability to exercise, and general quality of life were noted in the review. According to these results, home-based physical rehabilitation programmers can improve COPD patients' quality of life and lessen the disease's effects, offering a practical and cost-effective alternative for managing the condition outside of conventional clinical settings. |
The research is well described and all important information is present for proper understanding. The research is done on the basis of secondary resources but primary resources can be more effective for the research. The strength is a proper description and the weakness is the use of secondary resources. |
10/10 |
|
Rochester and Holland, (2020) |
“Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Improved Survival for Patients With COPD” |
The purpose of the research is to examine the survival of COPD patients through pulmonary rehabilitation |
Quantitative research |
2721 patients |
The health condition of COPD patients is examined for 90 days |
Descriptive analysis is used |
A substantial correlation was discovered between pulmonary rehabilitation participation and improved survival for patients with COPD. Descriptive analysis revealed that the survival rates of those undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation were significantly higher than those of the non-rehabilitation group. As a crucial part of all-encompassing COPD care, this study highlights the potentially life-extending advantages of pulmonary rehabilitation and the beneficial effects it can have on patients' long-term results and general well-being. |
Proper analysis of primary resources is effective for gathering proper information and this research is effective in maintaining primary factors. The description process of the research can be improved because the presentation is a little complicated. The strength of the research is primary resource usage and the weakness is improper presentation of gathered information. |
9/10 |
|
Liu et al. (2019) |
“Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Gait Characteristics in Patients with COPD” |
The aim of the research is to investigate the positive impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on COPD patients |
Quantitative research |
44 patients |
Heath tests of patients and their reports are used for data collection |
SPSS is done |
According to the results, the patients' gait characteristics significantly improved after they engaged in pulmonary rehabilitation. These enhancements included longer strides, faster gaits, and less variability in gaits. Walking endurance was higher and oxygen desaturation was lower in the patients. The improved mobility and physical function shown by these positive changes in gait patterns in COPD patients suggests that pulmonary rehabilitation can help improve respiratory function as well as the overall functional capacity and quality of life in this population. |
The analysis of health reports of COPD patients is effective in gathering proper information and it is important for providing proper knowledge. The discussion is mainly focused on the positive impact of pulmonary rehabilitation. The strength of the research is a proper description of health reports of patients and the weakness is the lack of discussion of the negative impact of pulmonary rehabilitation. |
8/10 |
|
Li et al. (2022) |
“Osteoporosis in COPD patients: Risk factors and pulmonary rehabilitation” |
The objective of the research is to analyze the risk factors in osteoporosis treatment for COPD patients and the new treatment process |
Qualitative research |
Random sampling |
Systematic research as per the keywords is done for data collection |
Thematic analysis is used |
In comparison to the general population, the study found that COPD patients had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis. Numerous characteristics were found to be strongly related to osteoporosis in patients with COPD, including low body mass index (BMI), smoking history, older age, and corticosteroid use. The study highlighted the role that pulmonary rehabilitation can have in helping individuals with COPD manage their osteoporosis. PR can assist in reducing osteoporosis risk factors and promoting bone health by increasing physical activity and dietary assistance. According to these results, patients with COPD require all-encompassing care that takes into account their bone and respiratory health, with pulmonary rehabilitation possibly having an impact on reducing the incidence of osteoporosis. |
The research is helpful for analyzing the risk factors in pulmonary rehabilitation. The research is based on secondary resources and for that, practical examples are limited. the strength of the research is the description of risk factors of pulmonary rehabilitation and the weakness is the use of secondary resources. |
6/10 |
|
Aldhahir et al. (2020) |
“Nutritional supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: A systematic review” |
The aim of the research is to determine the required nutritional supplements for improving pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients |
Quantitative research |
917 patients |
Nutrition supplementation of selected patients is analyzed for data collection |
Descriptive analysis is used |
Nutrition is a very important part for every patient and for COPD patients who are dealing with lung disease must get a proper nutritional supplement to improve their health condition. The patients who get proper treatment along with nutrition supplements their health condition is more effective than the patients who have to face issues for lack of nutritional supplements during their treatment process. |
Primary resources are helpful for gathering proper and accurate information and this research has conducted primary resources for data collection. The research is mainly focused on the nutrition supplement for COPD patients and for that other information and not is not described properly. The strength of the research is the use of primary resources for analysing the health condition of COPD patients and the weakness is the unlimited focus on the nutrition supplement for these patients. |
8/10 |
|
Ammous et al. (2023) |
“Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)” |
The purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of inspiratory muscle training on COPD patients |
Qualitative research |
Random sampling |
Important and accurate articles are used as per the keywords |
Thematic analysis is used |
Physical strength is very important for improving health conditions and COPD patients have to face issues with their lung problems and physical exercise can be beneficial for muscle training which is effective for health development. Healthcare professionals should give importance to physical exercise and muscle training to improve the health condition of the patients and their mental condition can be developed. |
Description of the treatment process for COPD patients is important and this research has provided proper information about the physical training for these patients. The research is conducted through secondary resources which are based on articles and journals and for that practical information is limited in this research. the strength of the research is the information about physical training for COPD patients and the weakness is the use of secondary resources for data collection. |
10/10 |
|
Lewi?ska and Shahnazaryan, (2020) |
“The Use of Diaphragm Ultrasonography in Pulmonary Physiotherapy of COPD Patients: A Literature Review” |
The aim of the research is to analyze the use of ultrasonography in Pulmonary for COPD patients |
Qualitative research |
Radom sampling |
Articles based on keywords are selected for data collection |
Thematic analysis is used |
Proper analysis of the health condition of COPD patients is required for understanding the accuracy of the treatment process. Pulmonary rehabilitation is important and effective for providing all useful and required treatment for proper health development. Ultrasonography is important for identifying the main factors of COPD patients and according to it, the treatment process should be maintained. |
A proper description of the treatment process for COPD patients is important for understanding the health condition of the patients and how to improve their physical and mental health. Secondary resources are dependent on articles and journals for the accuracy of gathered information can be affected and in this research secondary resources are used in the data collection process. The strength of the research is the description of the treatment process for COPD patients and the weakness is the use of secondary resources for gathering data about the patients’ treatment process. |
9/10 |
|
Buekers et al. (2021) |
“Physiological Changes Differ between Responders and Nonresponders to Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD” |
The objective of the research is to understand the different experiences of COPD patients by using pulmonary rehabilitation |
Quantitative research |
183 patients |
The health conditions of patients are analyzed for data collection |
SPSS is done for analysis |
Different patients have to face different issues during their treatment process and for that, the outcome of the treatment process can be different. Medical treatment reflects an impact on the mental state of patients and then the difference in the experience of patients must be analysed to ensure their health development. |
The research is done with the help of primary resources such as proper analysis of health condition reports of patients. The research is mainly focused on the experience of patients using pulmonary rehabilitation and for that, other important information is limited in this research. The strength of the research is the use of primary resources for data collection and the weakness is the unlimited focus only on the experience of patience during their treatment. |
6/10 |
|
Zhang et al. (2022) |
“Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials” |
The purpose of the research is to examine the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on COPD patients |
Qualitative research |
Random sampling |
Articles and journals as per keywords are selected |
Thematic analysis is used |
Pulmonary rehabilitation is important and effective for patients because patients have to face issues with breathing and other lung function. Pulmonary rehabilitation provides proper medical programs which are effective for developing the lung condition and patients can get proper treatment process for developing their health condition. |
The impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on COPD patients is important for understanding their health condition and in this research, all the important factors of the treatment are mentioned. Secondary resources are used in the research and for that, the quality of the research is affected. The strength of the research is the description of the treatment process and the weakness is the use of secondary resources for describing the main factors. |
7/10 |
|
Moorhouse et al. (2019) |
“Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Virtual Reality for COPD Patients” |
The objective of the research is to identify the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients |
The mixed method is used |
4 interviews |
Articles are collected as per keywords and 4 interviews of health centres are done |
Thematic analysis is used |
Pulmonary rehabilitation is beneficial for COPD patients because they can get medical facilities and different programs for improving their lung diseases. Smoking, consumption of drugs and others can cause COPD for that, The facility should ensure that the lifestyle of patient’s changes and the cause of the COPD disease can be controlled. |
The research is effective for describing the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in developing the health condition of COPD patients and in this research, it is properly described as per the gathered information. in this research mixed method is used and for that the data collection process and analysis method and little complicated for proper understanding. The strength of the research is the description of the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation and the weakness is the use of mixed methods for data collection. |
7/10 |
The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of PR in improving the quality of life among COPD patients. Findings show that pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective medical process that is useful for minimizing lung issues and it is important for developing the health condition of patients (Chen et al. 2022, Rochester and Holland, 2020, Mendes Xavier et al. 2022). PR includes systematic exercise training, which often includes aerobic and strength training. These activities increase cardiovascular fitness as well as physical strength. Patients' tolerance for exercise improves with time, enabling them to conduct exercises with less dyspnea and weariness (Yu et al. 2019). Lung plays an important role in exercise and issues in lung function can cause difficulties in health conditions and exercise maintenance (Mendes Xavier et al. 2022). PR incorporates educational aspects that assist patients in understanding their disease and learning skills for symptom management (Gloeckl et al. 2021). This information enables individuals to more effectively self-manage their disease, such as optimising drug dosage and recognising warning indications.
Regarding the literature review, it has been seen that the important advantage of PR is that it reduces dyspnea during workouts. Patients learn breathing methods and energy-saving tactics to help them handle shortness of breath more successfully. The development of lung conditions can be done with the help of PR and it is known that lung exercise is effective in developing the health condition (Rochester and Holland, 2020). By addressing the psychological, physical, and social elements of life with a chronic respiratory illness, PR improves general well-being. Patients frequently report increased quality of life, less anxiety and despair, and enhanced interaction with others (Nopp et al. 2022). PR programs frequently include initiatives to assist patients in maintaining the advantages obtained during the treatment. This might include continuing home exercise regimens, regular check-ins, and continuous assistance from medical professionals. PR allows patients to play an active part in their disease management, enhancing their self-efficacy and optimism (Vaes et al, 2019). PR has been found in studies to minimise hospitalisations and healthcare expenses for people with persistent respiratory conditions. This is accomplished through better-managing symptoms and encouraging immediate action.
Patients' ability to exercise and general function improve as a result of PR. It combines physical activity, psychological support and education to help people with chronic respiratory issues live better lives (Chen et al., 2022). This comprehensive strategy results in higher reduced symptoms, improved quality of life, and exercise tolerance, thus becoming an important component in the holistic therapy of patients with illnesses such as COPD.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is beneficial for these individuals since it reduces lung difficulties and allows them to live a healthy lives (Liu et al. 2019). PR takes a multifaceted strategy that incorporates guided exercise training, breathing methods, and instruction (Ahmed et al. 2022). Patients gradually improve their stamina and strength of respiratory muscle through planned exercise routines, resulting in greater physical tolerance. Individuals with better control of their breathing and conditioning can cope with everyday tasks more successfully, minimizing dyspnea-related suffering (Saetan et al. 2020). Pulmonary rehabilitation is useful in delivering medical therapy to lung patients based on their health status, and it is especially significant for COPD patients because the majority of lung troubles are observed in COPD patients (Li et al. 2022). Proper therapy can help prevent the development of lung illness, and PR can help reduce health problems. As breathing problems can cause serious health problems, and PR is excellent for reducing lung problems, patients can reduce their health concerns. Chronic respiratory diseases frequently cause weariness, which may be physical as well as mental in nature. PR combats fatigue by increasing general fitness levels, which decreases the energy consumption necessary for daily chores. Pacing tactics are also taught to patients, helping them to save energy and better control their movements without becoming overly tired. Individuals can preserve their independence while avoiding exhaustion by learning to organise and prioritise tasks and rest (Kalantari et al. 2021). PR teaches patients energy-saving practices that encourage optimal movement patterns and assist them in managing their consumption of energy during the day.
Proper awareness of COPD difficulties and self-management are essential for the development of the health condition, and issues with breathing and other lung issues may be avoided by adopting PR (Aldhahir et al. 2020). Regarding the literature review, it has been seen that PR helps COPD patients in anxiety reduction, depression alleviation, quality of life improvement, and adherence and long-term benefits. To manage anxiety, public relations initiatives include psychosocial components such as therapy and assistance (Wrzeciono et al. 2021). These therapies assist patients in better understanding and managing their disease, as well as in reducing anxiety and improving coping mechanisms. PR's holistic strategy tackles both the physical and emotional aspects of life with a chronic respiratory illness. Education, group activities, and peer support provide an overwhelming feeling of belonging and help to alleviate feelings of loneliness and despair (Yohannes et al. 2021). Structured routines of exercise release endorphins that are endogenous mood lifters that aid in the treatment of depression. Correct self-management is beneficial for reducing difficulties, and correct implementation of PR may be accomplished with the assistance of self-control (Ammous et al. 2023). Every vital aspect, such as breathing, lung functions, exercise capacity, and others, should be maintained properly since it is crucial for patients' health development. Pulmonary rehabilitation aids in the maintenance of treatment regimens for COPD patients. PR allows patients to participate in an active part in controlling their disease, which can improve their psychological well-being (Rutkowski et al. 2021). The information and skills gained throughout PR provide a sense of empowerment and self-efficacy, which helps to reduce the emotional discomfort related to chronic respiratory illnesses (Holland and Cox, 2021). Reduced anxiety and despair lead to an overall enhancement in the quality of life for PR participants.
Enhancing patients' comprehension of COPD and their capacity to self-manage their chronic respiratory disease is contingent upon education pertaining to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Information sharing, psychological support, and skill development are just a few of the components that make up this comprehensive approach. One of the primary goals of PR education is to guarantee that patients with COPD understand their disease completely. The causes, symptoms, and progression of COPD are explained to patients (Li et al., 2022). Armed with this knowledge, they can recognise the early signs of a flare-up and take appropriate action. Patients with COPD were more likely to have osteoporosis. In COPD patients, osteoporosis was found to be substantially correlated with a number of features, such as low body mass index (BMI), history of smoking, advanced age, and usage of corticosteroids. The study demonstrated how pulmonary rehabilitation can assist people with COPD in controlling their osteoporosis (Li et al., 2022). PR can improve bone health by lowering risk factors for osteoporosis and enhancing physical activity and nutrition. These findings suggest that individuals with COPD need comprehensive care that considers both respiratory and bone health; pulmonary rehabilitation may also help lower the prevalence of osteoporosis.
The pulmonary rehabilitation programme markedly improved the patients' walking characteristics. Longer strides, faster gaits, and reduced gait variability were some of these improvements. The patients' walking endurance was greater and their oxygen desaturation was lower. These beneficial improvements in gait patterns in COPD patients indicate improved mobility and physical performance, which suggests that pulmonary rehabilitation can assist improve respiratory function, overall functional capacity, and quality of life in this population (Liu et al., 2019). PR programmes frequently incorporate self-managed, supervised exercise regimens to enhance patients' physical health. The management of COPD involves diet. Information about dietary decisions that can support lung health and energy maintenance while also helping one maintain a healthy weight is provided by PR education. Patients with COPD may experience mental health problems (Rochester and Holland, 2020). PR programmes provide coping mechanisms and psychological support for the management of anxiety and depression related to the disease. Patients get knowledge about stress management strategies and how to keep an optimistic mindset. It is essential to have effective communication with healthcare practitioners (Buekers et al., 2021). Talking with their healthcare staff about symptoms, drug concerns, and treatment plans is part of PR education. This guarantees that patients are actively involved in their therapy and receive the proper care.
Limitations
The research has a few limitations that can be a pathway for future research on the topic. The participants such as selected literature were 'hand-selected' by the researcher; this may be regarded as a bias in selection as well as the possibility of bias in reporting because the researcher may linked with the healthcare sector. Because only English-language research was considered, language bias could have been a drawback of this evaluation. Despite the excellent quality of the methodology of the research included, only a few studies answered the study question directly. This suggests that additional investigation is needed. Nonetheless, they described the broad environment of PR.
In summary, PR has also proven to be a highly efficient intervention in improving the quality of life for people suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD). These comprehensive programs also encompass exercise, education, and psychological support, embracing both the physical and psychological obstacles that COPD patients face. Additionally, through its multi-faceted method, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) yields a wide range of benefits that collectively direct or operate to an overall enhancement in patients’ quality of life. One of the main ways in which pulmonary rehabilitation improves the quality of life is by enhancing physical function. Along with that, starting exercise training within these programs boosts muscular strength and flexibility. As a result, patients experience decreased limitations in performing regular activities, like walking or climbing stairs. Furthermore, this boosts physical capacity and directs or operates to a greater sense of independence, encouraging a renewed sense of physical well-being. Along with that, breathlessness is a widespread and distressing symptom of COPD. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) also addresses this argument head-on by teaching patients’ techniques for monitoring or controlling their breathing and applying respiratory muscles more effectively. Based on providing patients with the tools to decrease the sensation of breathlessness, these programs allow people to be involved in tasks they may have previously ignored due to anxiety or discomfort. COPD often has a deep psychological effect, with stress and depression being common accompanying conditions. Pulmonary rehabilitation tackles these issues through the supplying of psychological support, counseling, and education on coping strategies. Additionally, based on addressing the mental and emotional obstacles of living with COPD, patients often experience an important reduction in anxiety and depression, directing or operating to an overall enhancement in their mental health and quality of life. Along with that, education also provided in PR goes beyond just understanding the disease; it prepares patients with the knowledge to better control their condition. Patients learn about the significance of compliance with treatment plans and acknowledge early signs of exacerbations. Additionally, this profound engagement in their own care contributes to better disease management and empowers patients to take manage of their lives. As a result, the standard of life is importantly improved. Furthermore, the communal; aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation programs cannot be judged incorrectly. COPD patients often also feel isolated by their condition, which can also contribute to a sense of helplessness or vulnerability. Along with that, PR provides an environment in which patients can interact with others melting similar obstacles. This sense of groups and support can importantly enhance emotional well-being, making patients feel less isolated and more interrelated to a support network. Another notable aspect of PR is the sustainability of its impacts. Patients who are involved in these programs are most likely to continue with the exercise routine and self-management techniques learned. These prolonged benefits contribute to sustained enhancements in quality of life and decrease healthcare resource usage.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is highly effective in improving the quality of life for COP patients. It also offers a holistic approach that involves exercise, education, and psychological support, which collectively embrace the physical and emotional aspects of the diseases. Additionally, patients who are involved in pulmonary rehabilitation programs experience improved lung function, boosted exercise capacity, and decreased symptoms like breathlessness. These physical improvements also translate into greater independence, enabling patients to be involved in daily tasks or activities with more ease. Furthermore, the psychological advantages of decreasing anxiety and depression contribute to an overall improved quality of life. Moreover, healthcare providers should consider pulmonary rehabilitation a keystone in the management of COPD, as it not only enhances physical health but also empowers patients to take manage of their condition and direct more fulfilling lives.
In order to further explore the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the quality of life among COPD patients, future research could also focus on various key areas. Additionally, long-term follow-up studies are crucial to identify the sustainability of improvements and whether continuous participation in many programs directs to prolonged quality-of-life improvements. Exploring the probable duration, frequency, and enthusiasm of pulmonary rehabilitation programs is essential to tailor interventions to people's patient demands. Furthermore, research studies should examine the effect of cultural and societal financial factors on access and involvement in these programs to ensure fair or equitable benefits for all patients of COPD. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in terms of health care in terms of healthcare resource use, involving hospitalizations and emergency department visits, can inform healthcare policies and allocation of resources.
References
1.0 Introduction - How Effective Is Pulmonary Rehabilitation In Improving The Quality Of Life Among Copd Patients? Say goodbye...View and Download
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