Define Primary Healthcare Assignment Sample

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Define Primary Healthcare

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A healthcare setup which is mainly focused on preventive and essential services is called primary healthcare. This is an accessible, comprehensive and community-based approach. This process is effective for addressing the health needs of individuals throughout their entire life. These are included with vaccination, routine check-ups and managing the common health issues (Thomas, 2017). This is a patient-centred care and the key target of this system is to maintain healthcare equity, providing affordable treatments and maintaining the social determinants of health in the healthcare. Health and well-being of the patients are ensured by the primary healthcare system. It is maintained by early detection of disease, proper intervention through a strong bond between the patient and healthcare provider.

Define Health Promotion

Health promotion is a practice which is aimed to inform individuals and communities regarding the common health issues. This is included with providing healthcare education as well. In this process, common causes of diseases are taught to the people and the preventive measures are mentioned as well. The key target of health promotion is to motivate the people and community to consider health and well-being as an important area and increase awareness to prevent the common diseases (Hubley and Copeman, 2018). This is effective for engaging people in healthy habits and practices to fight diseases. Campaign is an effective way to ensure effective health promotion.

 Figure 1 Health promotion

Describe a health promotion campaign

Health promotion campaigns can be defined as organised and strategic initiatives which are effective for developing awareness, motivating people or a community to follow healthy lifestyle practices and providing healthcare education. This is important for an improved outcome. This is done through different communication channels and the key aim of this campaign is to manage disease and illness among people, identifying the health outcomes and enhancing the well-being of people (Kaasalainen et al. 2016). Another major target of this process is to ensure engagement of the community within the campaign, empowering people to make informed decisions for their health and well-being, and to develop an informed healthcare system. Improvement of public health can be ensured through this process and thus the health promotion campaigns can be effective for community development.

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Define Disease Prevention

Disease prevention refers to the practices and strategies, which are followed to reduce severity, incidence and impact of a specific illness among a population or individual. It is included with advanced measures which can help to avoid development of any disease and decrease the progress of the disease. There are three stages of disease prevention which are primary, secondary and tertiary (Holland and Stewart, 2018). In case or primary prevention, occurance of the disease is identified and prevented. In case of secondary prevention, disease is detected and treated in an early stage. In case of tertiary, the impact and complication of the existing issue is identified and treated.

 Figure 2 Disease Prevention

Describe how infections are spread

Spread of an infectious disease can happen through direct or indirect contact. Direct transmission of infectious agents like bacteria or viruses can happen from the infected person to a healthy person through droplet transmission via coughing or sneezing, touching or kissing (Nandi and Medal, 2016). When a healthy person comes into contact with a contaminated body or surface and gets infected it is called indirect transmission. Apart from this, infection can spread through food, water and other vectors like mosquitoes. 

Define Treatment

Treatment is considered as the application of some medical actions or practices which can help in managing, alleviating and curing a disease or health situation. This is a thorough process including, diagnosis processes, pharmaceutical practices and involvement of medical expertise. The factors of treatment can vary between surgeries, medications, therapies and lifestyle aspects (Brandenbarg et al. 2017). The aim of this process is to improve the health condition of the patient, managing the symptoms and enhancing the overall well-being of the patient. Considering the cause and trigger factors of the illness and possible side effects, the treatment for a disease is decided. Also the medical history of the patient is considered in this case as well

 Figure 3 Treatment

Describe the treatment options for an illness

The key target in case of treating diabetes is to manage the blood glucose level within an individual. This is a multilayer factor which is included with physical exercise, balanced diet, lifestyle practices and weight management. In case of severe condition, the patient is suggested to take oral hypoglycemic drugs like insulin on a regular basis (Clemmensen et al. 2016). In this case, healthcare education is important as the patient must go through regular glucose monitoring and self-management practices. Having a good relationship between the patient and the healthcare provider is important in this case as they can motivate the patient for self-care and managing the health issue.

Define Rehabilitation

This is a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach which is important for restoring and enhancing the mental, physical and cognitive abilities of a person after any illness, surgery and any kind of injury. The aim of this process is to manage the functional independence of the person along with overall health, well-being and the quality of life. There are different experts and healthcare professionals who remain involved within the rehabilitation process (O'Sullivan, Schmitz and Fulk, 2019). These healthcare professionals are included with physical and occupational therapists and psychologists to work collaboratively in order to address and manage the needs of the patient. Different adaptive strategies, therapeutic interventions and prescribed exercises are included within this process to manage the skills and mobility of the patient

Rehabilitation example

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases which requires rehabilitation. This is included with a holistic approach which is important to support individuals affected with cancer. This is important for addressing, functional, physical and emotional aspects. For example, a breast-cancer survivor will need physical therapy for arm movement in order to regain the arm mobility after operation. Apart from that, emotional support is provided to the patient to support their psychological impact. Speech therapy is considered an important rehabilitation aspect in some cases as well.

Figure 4 Rehabilitation

Define Palliative Care

Palliative care is a special process which is aimed to improve the quality of life of the individuals who are going through some major illness including heart failure and cancer. This is included with pain management, symptom management and emotional support which consider the suffering of the patient and their families as well (Abel, Kellehear and Karapliagou, 2018). This is not specific to the end-of-life scenarios but also involves the different stages of illness. This process includes different healthcare professionals like doctors, social workers and nurses.

 Figure 5 Palliative Care

SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT

(1) Primary healthcare: The essential primary healthcare services which can be gained locally are included with healthcare clinics and availability of healthcare providers for routine-check ups and quick treatments. General physicians are some common personnel to find at a primary health care setup. Apart from that, local pharmacies also manage the primary healthcare needs of the patients and their families. Prescribed medications are available in these places. Apart from that, the public healthcare departments within the local areas also offer the vaccination for different diseases and also provide healthcare education and preventive measures for managing the spread of the disease (Silva and Silva, 2018). Emergency medical services can be found in local areas as well. Dental clinics are another important factor here. Apart from that, diagnostic centres should be included as the elements of primary health care systems within a local area as well. This also serves for the well-being of people. 

(2) Health Promotion: Lifestyle disease is defined as non-communicable diseases and is a major issue in society. The major factors influencing such diseases are poor diet, sedentary lifestyle and stressed living environment. These factors lead to the development of diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and other mental health issues. The convenience driven society sometimes encourages unhealthy habits and is leading to alarming prevalence of preventable diseases in this way (World Health Organization, 2021). This has been considered as the outcome of lack of nutritious diet, lack of physical activities and lack of personal and professional life balance. As people are less concerned about their health and wellbeing, the economic burden of disease is increasing as well. Obesity is one of the biggest economic burdens globally. This is crucial for maintaining a healthy society and thus reducing the healthcare burden as well. Healthy habits and practices can help in managing this burden significantly.

(3) Disease Prevention: Public health practitioners can play a pivotal role in disease prevention. There are different strategies which can be followed by these personnel to manage the disease. These are included with proper diagnosis, interventions and education. Role of these practitioners is to identify and monitor the healthcare issue within an individual and community. Medical history and healthcare data is reviewed in order to manage this situation. Their role in this case is to identify the trends in disease spread, the possible outbreak situation and identification of the high-risk population to manage the disease from spreading (Rautiainen et al. 2016). Their role in this case is to initiate campaigns to spread awareness and educate people to avoid contamination.Nurses can play a major role as a public health practitioner in disease prevention. As patients interact with the nurses more, thye can motivate them to follow the proper preventive measures to avoid the spread of the disease. Also, nurses can provide healthcare education as well.

(4) Treatment: Shared decision making or SDM model is a collaborative approach where the patient and the practitioners make the treatment decision collaboratively. This is important in this case is to prioritise the values and preferences of the patient and their family. Also, the experience of the practitioner and their judgement over the condition is also important in this case to develop a good treatment plan (McGoldrick, Gerson and Petry, 2020). The main motto of the SDM is to develop an informed healthcare setup where the patient and the individual remains aware about their health situation and the possible effects of treatment. Apart from that, the medication process and the required treatment should be mentioned to the patient party by briefing them about the possible outcomes. All the negative and positive aspects of the condition and treatment should be mentioned to the patient. Before the treatment process, proper consent is taken from the patient in this model. 

(5) Rehabilitation: Occupational therapists can play a major role in the rehabilitation process of a patient. One of the major elements in this case is psychosocial support. This is important for identification of the emotional well-being of the patient and the coping strategies which should be maintained to help the patient to overcome the trauma. Functional assessment is done by these people and this is important for identification of the limitations and abilities of the patient (Cammarata et al. 2017). This can help in developing a customised treatment plant to fulfil the exact requirement of the patient. In this case, different adaptive techniques are followed by the professional to manage the healthcare condition of the patient. Cognitive aspects of the patient are also looked after in this process.

(6) Palliative Care: Caregivers can play a major role in providing palliative care. One of the major elements in this case is the empathy and compassion of the caregiver. They show empathy to the patient by understanding their situation and also consider the values of the patient as well. This is important for the caregiver to develop a good communication with the patient as this can help in identification of the reasons of the diseases and other relative information (Sekse, Hunskår, and Ellingsen, 2018). This can help the patient reach a comfort zone with the caregiver when they are handled with flexibility and patience. In this case, the social and cultural sensitivity of the patient is prioritised as well. While communicating and developing a good relationship with the patient, it is important for the caregivers to maintain professionalism by not breaching the confidentiality of the patient.

References

• Abel, J., Kellehear, A. and Karapliagou, A., 2018. Palliative care-the new essentials.
• Brandenbarg, D., Roorda, C., Stadlander, M., de Bock, G.H., Berger, M.Y. and Berendsen, A.J., 2017. Patients’ views on general practitioners’ role during treatment and follow-up of colorectal cancer: a qualitative study. Family practice, 34(2), pp.234-238.
• Cammarata, M., Mueller, A.S., Harris, J. and Vrkljan, B., 2017. The role of the occupational therapist in driver rehabilitation after stroke. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics, 35(1), pp.20-33.
• Clemmensen, C., Müller, T.D., Finan, B., Tschöp, M.H. and DiMarchi, R., 2016. Current and emerging treatment options in diabetes care. Metabolic Control, pp.437-459.
• Holland, W.W. and Stewart, S., 2018. Screening in disease prevention: what works?. CRC Press. 
• Hubley, J. and Copeman, J., 2018. Practical health promotion. John Wiley & Sons.
• Kaasalainen, K.S., Kasila, K., Komulainen, J., Malvela, M. and Poskiparta, M., 2016. Readiness for health behavior changes among low fitness men in a Finnish health promotion campaign. Health promotion international, 31(4), pp.827-838.
• McGoldrick, M., Gerson, R. and Petry, S., 2020. Genograms: Assessment and treatment. WW Norton & Company.
• Nandi, A.K. and Medal, H.R., 2016. Methods for removing links in a network to minimize the spread of infections. Computers & Operations Research, 69, pp.10-24.
• O'Sullivan, S.B., Schmitz, T.J. and Fulk, G., 2019. Physical rehabilitation. FA Davis.
• Rautiainen, S., Manson, J.E., Lichtenstein, A.H. and Sesso, H.D., 2016. Dietary supplements and disease prevention—a global overview. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 12(7), pp.407-420.
• Sekse, R.J.T., Hunskår, I. and Ellingsen, S., 2018. The nurse's role in palliative care: A qualitative meta?synthesis. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(1-2), pp.e21-e38.
• Silva, W.P.D. and Silva, E.M., 2018. Integrative literature review: access to primary healthcare services. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 71, pp.1178-1188.
• Thomas, P., 2017. Integrating Primary Healthcare: leading, managing, facilitating. CRC Press.
• World Health Organization, 2021. Health promotion glossary of terms 2021.