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Business ethics refers to set of morale principles that direct the conduct the business. It is crucial for the organizations to implement the principles because it ensures that they operate according to the applicable laws. Business ethics are helping the business to attract the team members which positively impacts the overall operation and efficiency (Babalola et al, 2022). Additionally, job satisfaction is defined as how workers feel fulfilled and engaged in their work. If the retail sector is implementing the business ethics, then the employees are likely to retain with them for long duration and ultimately positively impacts the employee job satisfaction and turnover (Wolcott, 2020). The present study is based on the one of leading company within the retail sector i.e. Next plc within UK. The dissertation will shed light on significance and rationale of research. Furthermore, literature review will be conducted along with highlighting selected methodologies. Moreover, data analysis is going to be done and accordingly outcomes developed that lead to address research questions.
NEXT PLC is one of the topmost clothing, home products and footwear retailer established in the UK. Organisation deals on global platform and it has approached larger segment of customers due to its premium quality products (NEXT PLC, 2023) The present study will be based on Next plc as company has huge number of employees [More than 32,000] that are working in it and also organisation adheres to mandatory business ethics.
To evaluate the influence of ethics on the job satisfaction and turnover of the workforces. A study on Next plc.
To develop an understanding relating to the business ethics and its significance within the workplace.
To examine the different business ethics which need to be followed for better working concerning Next plc.
To evaluate the impact of compliance with business ethics about employee turnover and their level of job satisfaction.
To recommend some of the ways through which the application of business ethics can be improved well within Next plc.
Q.1 What are the various business ethics followed by the company?
Q.2 What is the impact created when business ethics are complied with by the business?
The study proves to be highly significant as it is based on analysing the impacts of ethics towards job satisfaction and turnover of employees. Ethics are prior component within retail business as it depicts about right and wrong parameters (Osburg et al, 2021). With the helps of outcomes, retail organisations could get detailed understanding in regards to implementation of ethics for enhancing satisfaction of staff along with reducing turnover rate.
Conducting research on adhering ethical norm assist businesses to follow specific morals that associates with prioritising values of employees. The reason behind undertaking current study is evaluate whether ethics creates positive or negative impact on job satisfaction and employee turnover rate within retail sector (Weiss, 2021). Propre information in this context supports in developing effectual insights which is useful for enhancing employee morals within retail sector.
In order to conduct research, qualitative data have been allocated while using both primary and secondary sources. Survey has conducted and questionnaire is being given to 30 employees of Next PLC. As per the suitability of study, thematic analysis has undertaken.
Below mentioned structure will be followed in current dissertation-
Introduction
In this chapter, background of the study, aim, objectives, research question, significance and rationale will be highlighted.
Literature review
This section will undertake critical analysis of study area and different themes will going to be formulated and accordingly detailed analysis done.
Research methodology
This segment led to highlight selected research methodologies along with providing justification behind selection of method.
Data analysis and discussion
The analysis of information will be done and accordingly implementation of outcomes would be done and discussion made.
Conclusion and recommendation
This is the last chapter in which conclusive statement going to be highlighted and consequently suggestions for improvement will be given
Business ethics is defined as study of suitable models of behaviour for the business and incorporation of societal values in its practices. Business ethics are the morale principles that act as strategies for the way of business operations. As per the view of Weiss (2021), the set of principles are governing all the aspects of organization’s operations involving its interaction with the government and other organizations. For every organization, the effective business ethics are significant because they are what direct an organization in the right direction (Shayganmehr et al, 2021). Implementation of business ethics is crucial for the organizations because it direct deals with the controversial topics such as insider trading, corporate governance, social responsibility, discrimination and fiduciary responsibilities. As critically said by Kriebitz and Lütge (2020), business ethics are significant in the workplace because it helps in ensuring that the organizations are operate their operation according to all the applicable rules and laws. For example, adaption of business ethics is beneficial for Next Plc because it assists in maintains its respect among its customers and peers as well as protects it from legal liability. As critically argued by Borgerson (2023), sometimes it is disadvantageous for the companies to put more emphasis on the business ethics because it can be challenging for them to enforce ethical standards in the right and wrong circumstances.
In addition, good business ethics assist the organizations to build and maintain the positive reputation within the highly competitive market. As said by Setiawan et al, (2020), organizations that follow ethical practices and standards then they are trustworthy and responsible which help in minimize the risk of legal actions that are taken against them. On the critical note Kooli, Son and Beloufa (2022), putting much emphasis on the ethical standards can take away from the core mission and focus on the business. Executions of business ethics principles are beneficial for the organization because it helps in protecting the environment and foster the social responsibility. By fostering the ethical business practices the organizations can reduce their carbon footprints and contribute to the healthier environment (Ciulla and Ciulla, 2020). As critically opposed to Borgerson (2023), there is potential for the organizations to be apparent to focus on ethics which lead to decline in customer loyalty and negative publicity. For example, implementation of business ethics is important for the organizations to enhance their public image. Ethical practices help in attracting and retaining the employees for the long period of time which ultimately positively impacts the productivity and efficiency of the organizations. As critically contended by Ermasova (2021), effective business ethics are significant for the organizations within the retail sector because it aids in increase morale of employees and financial performance.
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Organizations implement various types of business ethics for better working and increase the job satisfaction and turnover. As critically said by Martin, Shilton and Smith (2022), corporate responsibility is one of the significant types of business ethic that is adapted by the organizations to attract and retain the employees as well as improve their public image. Company works as a separate legal unit with certain ethical and moral obligations. On the other hand, Dacin et al, (2022), social responsibility are also regard as one of the important type of business ethics that are implement by the companies within retail sector. Making the profits is not the costs of any community. The corporate social responsibility is considered as one of the common practices where companies focus towards social causes, environmental protection and spreading awareness. On the critical note Mahaputra and Saputra (2021), personal responsibility is another type of business ethic that is adapt by the company to working better and increase job satisfaction of its workforces.
Companies that implement the business practices then they are expected to act responsibly with diligence, honesty, willingness and punctuality to perform anticipated duties. Respect is another important business ethic and it helps in build the strong relationships with the customers and employees. If the organizations are treating respectfully to the employees and customers then they feel valued and motivate as well as likely to retain with them. However, if the employers are not treated respectfully with the employees, then they are looking towards new job which increases employee turnover rates (DeTienne et al, 2021). Aside from this, trustworthiness is another significant type of business ethic that is adapt by the business to improve the effectiveness. For example, Next plc can cultivate trustworthiness with the customers, clients and workforces through transparency, honesty and reliability.
Organizations that adapt the set of principles ethically then their employees feel satisfied and engaged from which they are likely to retain with them and results in decrease turnover rates. As critically contended by Weiss (2021), if the companies express their commitment to maintain high ethical standards, then they treat workforces better from which they feel encourage. The employees who feel satisfied they put all the efforts in order to accomplish the organizational goals and objectives as well as likely to retain with the company (Shayganmehr et al, 2021). In addition, the ethical standards assist the organization to establish certain expectations for the way business operation effects personal interest and well-being of the stakeholders. When the companies and stakeholders comply the ethical standards then it creates a positive workplace environment where the people feel heard, respected and satisfied in their roles. However, Kriebitz and Lütge (2020), if the organization doesn’t have positive workplace environment, then its employees feel demotivate and discourage to do work which ultimately negatively impacts the employee satisfaction.
With higher satisfaction rate, companies can often reduce staff turnover and easily attract and retain the skilled and qualified employees. Effective business ethics also helps in improving the culture of workplace from which the employees feel influenced to do work (Borgerson, 2023). If a business expresses their ethical commitment to inclusion, diversity and equality then the employees and other stakeholders feel responsible for upholding the ethical standards. According to Setiawan et al (2020), business ethics also helps in improve public reputation from which the employees feel motivate and encourage to give their best which ultimately positively impacts the employee job satisfaction and turnover. Business ethics also helps in increasing the customer engagement and loyalty which helps in build the strong relationships with the employees (Ciulla and Ciulla, 2020).
It refers to ways in which study conducted, qualitative and quantitative these are two types. Gathering theoretical data falls under the category of qualitative type whereas, allocation of numerical terms is based on quantitative research (Pandey and Pandey, 2021). The investigator is using qualitative method as it helps in collecting data in the form of theories which is easy to understand and further supports in developing effectual insight related to research area.
This is determined as the series of steps that needs to be followed while conducting study. Inductive and deductive; these approaches are available to researcher. The analyst has used inductive approach as it is suitable for evaluation of theoretical data. Hence, as per the suitability of current research, selected approach is appropriate and accordingly scholar has undertaken evaluation of theories.
Research philosophy is explicated as the faith and belief of people aligns with research area. There are two kind of philosophies- Interpretivism and positivism (Mishra and Alok, 2022). The scholar is using interpretivism philosophy as it allows evaluation of opinion and thoughts of people comprised with research area. Also, this is enabling investigator to undertake qualitative research in significant manner.
This refers to the customs through which information can be gathered, primary and secondary both the forms of data collection preferred by analyst (Newman and Gough, 2020). In order to collect first hand information, survey is being conducted and questionnaire used as a data collection tool. Further, review of secondary data sources, books and journals, has also been done for meeting research objectives. The major reason behind selection of both the sources is that- it has provided wider data to analyst through which effective outcomes could be developed and further it is supporting in terms of developing effectual insight related to research area.
It is determined as approaching of sample population from whom data needs to be gathered. Mainly, there are two ways in which sampling can be done- probability and non- probability. Probability sampling method is based on random selection of candidates. On the other hand, participants are approached through judgement in non-probability method (Al-Ababneh, 2020). The researcher is using probability method and 30 employees of Next Plc has been approached as sample size and sample population respectively. Hence, while using this method researcher has assured no discrimination in the whole procedure and random selection has done.
This refers to the tactics which are used in order to analyse data, there are two ways in which information could be evaluated- thematic and statistical. Thematic method is suitable for evaluation of qualitative data. On the other hand, in context of analysing quantitative information, statistical method is appropriate. Analyst is using thematic method as it is appropriate for assessing theoretical information (Budianto, 2020). Therefore, different themes are being formulated and accordingly focus implied on addressing research question that supports in analysation of outcomes. Thus, it could be said that, selected research method is appropriate in current context as it helps in evaluation of theoretical data.
Ethics are core values which should be followed while conducting research, therefore, scholar implied significant focus in this area. The informed consent form given to candidates and before taking their responses they have been made aware about research context. Furthermore, confidentiality of participants has maintained and no disclosure of their personal information done. In this manner, trust enhancement is undertaken and accordingly data allocated. While, in terms of gathering secondary data, reliability and validity of sources has been checked and consequently effective articles are approached. Appropriate referencing is being done and credit to authors whose content is used has given.
The present section will analyse the gathered data within using survey technique, questionnaire is used for allocating responses and accordingly outcomes have been developed.
Demographic information
Theme-1
1-What is your age? | Response |
20-30 | 10 |
30-40 | 15 |
40-50 | 5 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- While conducting survey, demographic information of the candidates has been gathered, from total number of participants 30, 10 was from 20-30 age group, 15 was from 30-40 and remaining 5 belongs from 40-50 age set.
Theme-2
2- What is your gender? | Response |
Male | 15 |
Female | 15 |
Prefer to say no | 0 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- There was equal number of male and female participants in the research; 15 was male whereas 15 were female.
Objective 1 Analysis and Discussion
Theme-3
3-Does your organization adhere to business ethics? | Response |
Yes | 28 |
No | 1 |
Not sure | 1 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- From the above graphical representation this can be articulated that, Next plc is adhering to business ethics. 28 candidates that was majority of participants said yes in this context, whereas, 1 stated no and 1 was not sure about this.
Theme-4
4-According to you following business ethics are essential at workplace? | Response |
Yes | 27 |
No | 1 |
I don’t know | 2 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- The opinion of candidates has been analysed and it was asked to them “do they believe following business ethics are important” Over this, it was evaluated that, out of 30 candidates 27 said yes,1 stated no and remaining 2 alleged that they don’t know. This proves, it is important to follow business ethics at workplace as these are the codes of practices which helps in undertaking best practices through which organisation can enhance satisfaction level of employees.
Theme-5
5-Why it is important to follow business ethics? | Response |
It increases job satisfaction | 2 |
Increase employee retention rate | 5 |
Reduce turnover | 3 |
All of the above options | 20 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- In terms of knowing the significance of business ethics, enquiry has been done and interesting insights gained by researcher. From 30 participants, 2 stated, ethics lead to enhance job satisfaction, 5 voted for employee retention, 3 alleged that it reduces turnover. Whereas, majority of the participants that was 20 voted for all options. Thus, it proves that, business ethics lead to perform all of these aspects- It increases job satisfaction rate, increases retention and reduce turnover rate.
Objective 2 Analysis and Discussion
Theme-6
6-What are the types of business ethics followed at your organization? | Response |
Fair wages and flexibility | 5 |
Freedom of association and respect | 3 |
Lawful working hours | 2 |
No discrimination | 1 |
Employment security | 2 |
Combination of all | 17 |
Others | 0 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- Combination of varied business ethics followed at Next Plc and this can be evidenced with the responses of candidates. 5 voted for fair wage and flexibility, 3 stated, freedom and respect, 2 alleged for lawful working hours, 1 favours no discrimination, 2 said employment security. Remaining 17 voted for combination of all which means organisation has adopted all of these business ethics in order to implement effectual working environment. Thus, it proves that company has effectually focused on this area.
Theme-7
7-According to you, which business ethic priorities satisfaction of employees? | Response |
Providing safe working environment | 15 |
Fair compensation | 10 |
Maintaining privacy | 5 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- From survey it has been analysed that, providing safe working environment and assuring fair compensation are the major business ethics that needs to be followed at workplace. 15 voted for safe working environment, 10 favoured fair compensation and remaining 5 prioritised privacies. Hence, on the basis of gathered information this can be said that, it is essential to provide effectual working environment to employees so they can feel safe. Apart from this, it is essential to give fair compensation to subordinates.
Theme-8
8- Does your company is adhering to all of these ethics in significant manner? | Response |
Yes | 28 |
No | 1 |
I Don’t know | 1 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- The above graphical representation is stating that, Next plc is complying with both the ethics that are topmost- providing safe working environment and fair compensation. 28 participants said yes in this context, 1 stated no and 1 said I don’t know. This shows that, organisation is prioritising needs of their employees and accordingly they have complied with the important ethics.
Objective 3 Analysis and Discussion
Theme-9
9-What is the impact of these business ethics on your satisfaction level? | Response |
Positive | 24 |
Negative | 1 |
Neutral | 5 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- The impact of business ethics on the satisfaction level of employees has been known while asking them question in this context. 25 participants voted for positive influence, 1 stated negative and 5 alleged for neutral options. Hene, on the basis of majority this can be said that, adhering to business ethics led to create positive impact on job satisfaction of employees.
Theme-10
10- Does there is decrease in turnover due to adhering to business ethics? | Response |
Yes | 22 |
No | 5 |
Not sure | 3 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- Following business ethics lead to reduce turnover rate in the business and this can be evidenced with the response of participants. 22 participants said yes, 5 said no and 3 stated that they are not sure. On the basis of responses this can be clearly said that, adopting business ethics led to reduce turnover rate in organisation and increases retention rate that enhances the productivity of workplace.
Theme-11
11- So, this is true that, business ethics creates positive impact on job satisfaction and along with this it reduces turnover rate? | Response |
True | 25 |
False | 2 |
I Don’t know | 3 |
Total | 30 |
Interpretation- On the basis of above graphical representation this can be said that, business ethics lead to develop positive impact on employee’s job satisfaction and along with this it reduces turnover rate in organisation. Out of total number of candidates 30, 25 voted for true, 2 for false and reaming 3 stated “I don’t know”. Thus, it could be said that business ethics are vital when it comes to enhancing satisfaction of employees and decreasing turnover rare in business.
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On the basis of aforementioned analysis, important insights have been developed related to research area. The aim of the research was to analyse the impacts of ethics on job satisfaction and turnover of the workforce. Hence, complying with ethics lead to create positive impact on satisfaction of staff members and reduces turnover rate in the business. The first objective was based on understanding business ethics and its significance, it is being reviewed that, ethics are the core values that assist organisation in order to follow mandatory rules and regulations that are considered as important for businesses (Raja et al, 2020). It is considered as highly essential as it enhances the satisfaction level of employees while providing safe working conditions to them and assuring no discrimination towards them. This led to increase in retaining rate of business and reduces turnover rate within business.
Second objective was based on highlighting different business ethics which are followed for creating better working environment in Next plc. Organisation uses varied practices which are- providing fair wages, assuring freedom, respecting employees, average working hours, no discrimination towards employees and assuring higher employee security (Khaskheli et al, 2020). These are the major business ethics followed at the organisation and all of them revolves around prioritising employee’s interest and therefore, this can be said that company has effectually assured focus on enhancing satisfaction level of employees. The third objective aligns with the analysis of influence compiled with business ethics on turnover and job satisfaction level of employees. From research, impact of ethics is found to be positive as it is specifically for employees and it priorities their interest so, their motivation can be enhanced and trust can be gained. Thus, ethics plays major role in enhancing job satisfaction of employees and reduces turnover rate as well.
From the analysis of primary data, fresh information has been reviewed and detailed insights in research area is developed. Ethics are the core values which needs to be followed by the retail industry as it enhances the moral of staff that lead to enhance their over-all productivity. Within reviewing outcomes, it has been witnessed that, business ethics are highly essential as it directly links with job satisfaction and morals of employees which needs to be focused out on significant note. When organisation follows ethics then, retention rate increases and turnover rate decreases. Therefore, it is important to comply with mandatory ethics so that effective working environment can be developed.
Conclusively; this could be said that, business ethics are implementation of numerous principles, rules, and practices that assist organisation in terms of differentiating right and wrong act. It is essential for companies to comply with these beliefs as it helps in setting structured pattern of working through which organization can perform their tasks. Not following business morals led to develop negative working environment that further results in higher turnover and therefore, significant focus require in this area.
The key finding of research entail with highlighting the positive influence of business ethics on job satisfaction and turnover rate. When employees in organisation are not satisfied due to work pressure, lack of compensation, extra working hours and so on reasons then, this directly results in turnover. Hence, satisfaction aligns with retention and turnover rate and business morals impacts gratification level that enhances values of employees and reduces turnover rate. The topmost ethics are related to- fair working hours, impartial behaviour, compensation, no discrimination, assuring respect to employees and safe working environment. Adhering to these ethics enhances job satisfaction of members and reduced turnover rate.
Below mentioned are limitation experienced by analyst-
Time management- At initial level, analyst was not able to manage time and this led to create major issues. However, afterwards, tasks performed on the basis of set timeframe and this results in solving challenges.
Critical analysis- In order to conduct literature review, this skill is essential, at starting, scholar experienced difficulties in this area. But, practicing in this context assisted researcher to undertake in-depth critical analysis.
Below mentioned are the recommendations for Next plc through which implication of business ethics can be enhanced-
Transparency- Organisation should develop transparency through which they can communicate everything related to ethics with their employees (Zhang et al, 2020).
Adhering to corporate social responsibility- This is the collection of all responsibilities which should be performed by organisation. Focusing on this lead to improve application of ethics in business.
Identifying ethical issues- Business should identify ethical issues as it helps in finding the gap that creates barrier in terms of performing standard practices (Wang et al, 2020).
Implementing report mechanism- Effective report mechanism supports in witnessing errors and accordingly action could be taken and application of business ethics could be done.
References
Books and Journals
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